The Associations between the Number of School Sports Teams That a Student Regularly Participates in and Factors Such as Perceived Stress, Loneliness, and Sleep Satisfaction among Korean Adolescents Who Have Attempted Suicide
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Frequency Analysis of Participant Characteristics
3.2. Chi-Square Analysis
3.3. The Association between the Number of Teams and Perceived Stress
3.4. Association between the Number of Teams a Student Regularly Participates in and Loneliness
3.5. The Association between the Number of Teams a Student Regularly Participates in and Sleep Satisfaction
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total (%) | |
---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 525 (37.7%) |
Female | 868 (62.3%) | |
School level | Middle school | 839 (60.2%) |
High school | 554 (39.8%) | |
Region | Large cities | 657 (47.2%) |
Mid-size cities | 661 (47.4%) | |
Small cities | 75 (5.4%) | |
Academic performance | High | 163 (11.7%) |
Upper-middle | 264 (18.9%) | |
Medium | 348 (25%) | |
Low-middle | 356 (25.6%) | |
Low | 262 (18.8%) | |
Family income | High | 198 (14.2%) |
Upper-middle | 346 (24.8%) | |
Medium | 550 (39.5%) | |
Low-middle | 187 (13.4%) | |
Low | 112 (8.1%) | |
Feelings of sadness or hopelessness | No | 328 (23.5%) |
Yes | 1065 (76.5%) | |
Suicide plans | No | 583 (41.9%) |
Yes | 810 (58.1%) | |
Suicidal ideation | No | 180 (12.9%) |
Yes | 1213 (87.1%) | |
Days of physical education class | Three or more times a week | 458 (32.9%) |
Twice a week | 377 (27.1%) | |
Once a week | 226 (16.2%) | |
None | 332 (23.8%) | |
Days of physical activity of 60 min or more | None | 403 (28.9%) |
1 day a week | 195 (14%) | |
2 days a week | 211 (15.2%) | |
3 days a week | 203 (14.6%) | |
4 days a week | 112 (8%) | |
5 days a week | 95 (6.8%) | |
6 days a week | 32 (2.3%) | |
7 days a week | 142 (10.2%) | |
Number of school sports teams in which the student regularly participates | Four or more teams | 77 (5.5%) |
Three teams | 71 (5.1%) | |
Two teams | 205 (14.7%) | |
One team | 413 (29.7%) | |
None | 627 (45%) |
Variables | Four or More Teams | Three Teams | Two Teams | One Team | None | χ2 (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 43 (8.2%) | 36 (6.8%) | 88 (16.8%) | 139 (26.5%) | 219 (41.7%) | 23.219 (<0.001 ***) |
Female | 34 (3.9%) | 35 (4%) | 117 (13.5%) | 274 (31.6%) | 408 (47%) | ||
School level | Middle school | 52 (6.2%) | 53 (6.3%) | 165 (19.7%) | 337 (40.2%) | 232 (27.6%) | 262.955 (<0.001 ***) |
High school | 25 (4.5%) | 18 (3.3%) | 40 (7.2%) | 76 (13.7%) | 395 (71.3%) | ||
Region | Large cities | 38 (5.8%) | 33 (5%) | 101 (15.4%) | 182 (27.7%) | 303 (46.1%) | 5.696 (0.681) |
Middle-size cities | 33 (5%) | 32 (4.8%) | 92 (13.9%) | 210 (31.8%) | 294 (44.5%) | ||
Small cities | 6 (8%) | 6 (8%) | 12 (16%) | 21 (28%) | 30 (40%) | ||
Academic performance | High | 18 (11%) | 16 (9.8%) | 19 (11.7%) | 46 (28.2%) | 64 (39.3%) | 34.498 (0.005 **) |
Upper-middle | 13 (4.9%) | 14 (5.3%) | 49 (18.6%) | 75 (28.4%) | 113 (42.8%) | ||
Medium | 14 (4%) | 15 (4.3%) | 60 (17.2%) | 114 (32.8%) | 145 (41.7%) | ||
Low-middle | 16 (4.5%) | 15 (4.2%) | 48 (13.5%) | 104 (29.2%) | 173 (48.6%) | ||
Low | 16 (6.1%) | 11 (4.2%) | 29 (11.1%) | 74 (28.2%) | 132 (50.4%) | ||
Family income | High | 19 (9.6%) | 17 (8.6%) | 31 (15.6%) | 54 (27.3%) | 77 (38.9%) | 32.856 (0.008 **) |
Upper-middle | 16 (4.6%) | 20 (5.8%) | 60 (17.3%) | 100 (28.9%) | 150 (43.4%) | ||
Medium | 22 (4%) | 20 (3.6%) | 75 (13.7%) | 181 (32.9%) | 252 (45.8%) | ||
Low-middle | 8 (4.3%) | 10 (5.4%) | 24 (12.8%) | 52 (27.8%) | 93 (49.7%) | ||
Low | 12 (10.7%) | 4 (3.6%) | 15 (13.4%) | 26 (23.2%) | 55 (49.1%) | ||
Feelings of sadness or hopelessness | No | 17 (5.2%) | 24 (7.3%) | 50 (15.3%) | 108 (32.9%) | 129 (39.3%) | 8.954 (0.062) |
Yes | 60 (5.6%) | 47 (4.4%) | 155 (14.6%) | 305 (28.6%) | 498 (46,8%) | ||
Suicide plans | No | 25 (4.3%) | 35 (6%) | 87 (14.9%) | 201 (34.5%) | 235 (40.3%) | 17.241 (0.002 **) |
Yes | 52 (6.4%) | 36 (4.4%) | 118 (14.6%) | 212 (26.2%) | 392 (48.4%) | ||
Suicidal ideation | No | 10 (5.6%) | 11 (6.1%) | 35 (19.4%) | 59 (32.8%) | 65 (36.1%) | 7.878 (0.096) |
Yes | 67 (5.5%) | 60 (5%) | 170 (14%) | 354 (29.2%) | 562 (46.3%) | ||
Loneliness | Never feel lonely | 5 (6.8%) | 5 (6.8%) | 14 (18.9%) | 14 (18.9%) | 36 (48.6%) | 41.839 (0.001 ***) |
Rarely feel lonely | 9 (7%) | 8 (6.3%) | 22 (17.2%) | 51 (39.8%) | 38 (29.7%) | ||
Feel lonely sometimes | 17 (4.3%) | 18 (4.5%) | 65 (16.2%) | 136 (34%) | 164 (41%) | ||
Feel lonely often | 23 (4.9%) | 20 (4.3%) | 76 (16.3%) | 128 (27.5%) | 219 (47%) | ||
Feel lonely all the time | 23 (7.1%) | 20 (6.2%) | 28 (8.6%) | 84 (25.8%) | 170 (52.3%) | ||
Perceived stress | Feel very much | 29 (4.7%) | 25 (4%) | 76 (12.3%) | 163 (26.4%) | 325 (52.6%) | 201.686 (0.001 ***) |
Feel a lot | 16 (3.4%) | 20 (4.3%) | 69 (14.9%) | 160 (34.6%) | 198 (42.8%) | ||
Feel a little | 7 (3.4%) | 12 (5.8%) | 41 (19.8%) | 65 (31.4%) | 82 (39.6%) | ||
Do not feel much | 7 (10%) | 9 (12.8%) | 16 (22.9%) | 20 (28.6%) | 18 (25.7%) | ||
Do not feel at all | 18 (51.4%) | 5 (14.3%) | 3 (8.6%) | 5 (14.3%) | 4 (11.4%) | ||
Sleep satisfaction | Very sufficient | 11 (14.9%) | 8 (10.8%) | 6 (8.1%) | 13 (17.6%) | 36 (48.6%) | 47.623 (0.001 ***) |
Sufficient | 6 (5.5%) | 5 (4.6%) | 19 (17.4%) | 36 (33%) | 43 (39.5%) | ||
Just so | 17 (5.3%) | 17 (5.3%) | 60 (18.7%) | 99 (30.8%) | 128 (39.9%) | ||
Not enough | 16 (4%) | 22 (5.5%) | 64 (16%) | 134 (33.5%) | 164 (41%) | ||
Not at all enough | 27 (5.5%) | 19 (3.9%) | 56 (11.4%) | 131 (26.8%) | 256 (52.4%) | ||
Days of physical education class | Three or more times a week | 51 (11.1%) | 36 (7.9%) | 101 (22%) | 167 (36.5%) | 103 (22.5%) | 213.04 (0.001 ***) |
Twice a week | 14 (3.7%) | 19 (5%) | 61 (16.2%) | 114 (30.3%) | 169 (44.8%) | ||
Once a week | 8 (3.5%) | 9 (4%) | 20 (8.9%) | 68 (30.1%) | 121 (53.5%) | ||
None | 4 (1.2%) | 7 (2.1%) | 23 (6.9%) | 64 (19.3%) | 234 (70.5%) | ||
Days of physical activity of 60 min or more | None | 19 (4.7%) | 7 (1.7%) | 47 (11.7%) | 87 (21.6%) | 243 (60.3%) | 126.664 (0.001 ***) |
1 day a week | 7 (3.6%) | 7 (3.6%) | 23 (11.8%) | 59 (30.2%) | 99 (50.8%) | ||
2 days a week | 13 (6.2%) | 10 (4.7%) | 34 (16.1%) | 62 (29.4%) | 92 (43.6%) | ||
3 days a week | 7 (3.4%) | 14 (6.9%) | 32 (15.8%) | 61 (30.1%) | 89 (43.8%) | ||
4 days a week | 8 (7.1%) | 6 (5.4%) | 24 (21.4%) | 44 (39.3%) | 30 (26.8%) | ||
5 days a week | 4 (4.2%) | 7 (7.4%) | 15 (15.8%) | 45 (47.4%) | 24 (25.2%) | ||
6 days a week | 3 (9.3%) | 6 (18.8%) | 4 (12.5%) | 13 (40.6%) | 6 (18.8%) | ||
7 days a week | 16 (11.3%) | 14 (9.8%) | 26 (18.3%) | 42 (29.6%) | 44 (31%) |
Variables | Perceived Stress Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feel Very Much | Feel a Lot | Do Not Feel Much | Do Not Feel at All | ||
Number of teams a student regularly participates in | Four or more teams | 0.995 (0.384–2.582) p = 0.992 | 0.704 (0.265–1.868) p = 0.481 | 6.671 (1.858–23.953) p = 0.004 ** | 93.531 (19.260–454.207) p < 0.001 *** |
Three teams | 0.602 (0.260–1.394) p = 0.236 | 0.569 (0.251–1.291) p = 0.178 | 4.697 (1.531–14.408) p = 0.007 ** | 11.629 (2.229–60.661) p = 0.004 ** | |
Two teams | 0.482 (0.281–0.826) p = 0.008 ** | 0.514 (0.304–0.870) p = 0.013 * | 2.663 (1.103–6.426) p = 0.029 * | 2.025 (0.362–11.326) p = 0.422 | |
One team | 0.613 (0.387–0.969) p = 0.036 * | 0.758 (0.484–1.187) p = 0.225 | 2.245 (0.996–5.061) p = 0.051 | 2.119 (0.499–9.001) p = 0.309 | |
None (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variables | Loneliness Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rarely Feel Lonely | Feel Lonely Sometimes | Feel Lonely Often | Feel Lonely All the Time | ||
Number of teams a student regularly participates in | 4 or more teams | 0.943 (0.252–3.523) p = 0.93 | 0.508 (0.156–1.648) p = 0.259 | 0.783 (0.241–2.540) p = 0.684 | 1.199 (0.359–4.009) p = 0.768 |
3 teams | 0.872 (0.231–3.286) p = 0.839 | 0.556 (0.173–1.788) p = 0.324 | 0.721 (0.220–2.359) p = 0.589 | 1.056 (0.310–3.603) p = 0.930 | |
2 teams | 1.068 (0.430–2.650) p = 0.888 | 0.718 (0.328–1.575) p = 0.409 | 0.777 (0.350–1.722) p = 0.534 | 0.37 (0.155–0.884) p = 0.025 * | |
1 team | 2.651 (1.148–6.123) p = 0.022 * | 1.468 (0.697–3.093) p = 0.312 | 1.218 (0.572–2.593) p = 0.608 | 1.080 (0.495–2.356) p = 0.846 | |
None (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variables | Sleep Satisfaction Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very Sufficient | Sufficient | Not Enough | Not at All Enough | ||
Number of teams a student regularly participates in | Four or more teams | 4.371 (1.627–11.742) p = 0.003 ** | 0.927 (0.314–2.741) p = 0.891 | 0.891 (0.409–1.942) p = 0.772 | 1.527 (0.735–3.171) p = 0.256 |
Three teams | 2.544 (0.909–7.123) p = 0.075 | 0.868 (0.286–2.632) p = 0.802 | 1.176 (0.573–2.415) p = 0.658 | 0.944 (0.442–2.019) p = 0.883 | |
Two teams | 0.471 (0.174–1.274) p = 0.138 | 0.889 (0.452–1.750) p = 0.734 | 0.901 (0.566–1.435) p = 0.660 | 0.734 (0.454–1.186) p = 0.206 | |
One team | 0.578 (0.270–1.239) p = 0.159 | 1.089 (0.612–1.936) p = 0.773 | 1.055 (0.712–1.563) p = 0.79 | 0.953 (0.644–1.41) p = 0.81 | |
None (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Kwon, J.; Jang, J. The Associations between the Number of School Sports Teams That a Student Regularly Participates in and Factors Such as Perceived Stress, Loneliness, and Sleep Satisfaction among Korean Adolescents Who Have Attempted Suicide. Children 2024, 11, 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010077
Kwon J, Jang J. The Associations between the Number of School Sports Teams That a Student Regularly Participates in and Factors Such as Perceived Stress, Loneliness, and Sleep Satisfaction among Korean Adolescents Who Have Attempted Suicide. Children. 2024; 11(1):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010077
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwon, Jeonga, and Jusun Jang. 2024. "The Associations between the Number of School Sports Teams That a Student Regularly Participates in and Factors Such as Perceived Stress, Loneliness, and Sleep Satisfaction among Korean Adolescents Who Have Attempted Suicide" Children 11, no. 1: 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010077
APA StyleKwon, J., & Jang, J. (2024). The Associations between the Number of School Sports Teams That a Student Regularly Participates in and Factors Such as Perceived Stress, Loneliness, and Sleep Satisfaction among Korean Adolescents Who Have Attempted Suicide. Children, 11(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010077