Different Protocols for Low Whole-Body Vibration Frequency for Spasticity and Physical Performance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Protocols
2.4. Outcome Measures
2.4.1. Modified Ashworth Scale
2.4.2. Five Times Sit to Stand Test
2.4.3. Functional Reach Test
2.4.4. Timed Up and Go Test
2.4.5. Ten Metre Walk Test
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics of Participants
3.2. Immediate and after 8-Week WBV Training Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SVF Group Static 11 Hz | min | IVF Group Increased 7–18 Hz | min | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1: | Warm-up: 5 to 7 Hz | 1 | 7 to 10 Hz | 1 |
Step 2: | Warm-up: 7 to <9 Hz | 1 | 11 to 15 Hz | 1 |
Step 3: | 11 Hz | 3 | 16 to 18 Hz | 1 |
rest | Seated on chair | 1 | Seated on chair | 1 |
Total 6 repetitions | 30 | Total 10 repetitions | 30 |
Characteristics | SVF Group (n = 12) | IVF Group (n = 12) | p-Value | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 11.67 ± 2.43 | 11.5 ± 2.64 | 0.49 | −3.32 to 1.65 |
Weight, kg | 33.89 ± 11.67 | 38.12 ± 12.59 | 0.40 | −14.50 to 6.06 |
High, cm | 132.6 ± 11.10 | 141.9 ± 12.57 | 0.07 | −19.35 to 0.73 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 19.15 | 18.90 | 0.12 | −9.35 to 2.56 |
GMFCS I/II/III, n | 2/2/8 | 2/2/8 | - | - |
No aids/walker/crutches, n | 3/9/0 | 4/7/1 | - | - |
Muscles/Groups | Immediate Effects | After 8-Weeks | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decreased MAS n (%) | Improved Difference between Groups n (%), (95% CI) | p-Value | Decreased MAS n (%) | Improved Difference between Groups n (%), (95% CI) | p-Value | |
HE | ||||||
Stronger spastic leg | ||||||
| 4 (33.33) | 3 (25.00) | 0.219 | 7 (58.33) | 1 (8.33) | 0.682 |
| 7 (58.33) | (−13.59 to 63.59) | 6 (50.00) | (−31.4 to 48.06) | ||
Weaker spastic leg | ||||||
| 3 (25) | 2 (16.67) | 0.387 | 3 (25) | 3 (25) | 0.206 |
| 5 (41.67) | (−20.46 to 53.79) | 6 (50.00) | (−21.42 to 62.42) | ||
HF | ||||||
Stronger spastic leg | ||||||
| 4 (33.33) | 3 (25.00) | 0.219 | 5 (41.67) | 2 (16.67) | 0.414 |
| 7 (58.33) | (−13.59 to 63.59) | 7 (58.33) | (−22.78 to 56.11) | ||
Weaker spastic leg | ||||||
| 6 (50.00) | 1 (8.33) | 0.682 | 5 (41.67) | 1 (8.33) | 0.682 |
| 5 (41.67) | (−31.4 to 48.06) | 6 (50.00) | (−31.4 to 48.06) | ||
HAD | ||||||
Stronger spastic leg | 2 (16.67) | 5 (41.67) | 0.035 * | 2 (16.67) | 2 (16.67) | 0.346 |
| 7 (58.33) | (6.70 to 76.63) | 4 (33.33) | (−17.33 to 50.67) | ||
| ||||||
Weaker spastic leg | ||||||
| 2 (16.67) | 1 (8.33) | 0.615 | 2 (16.67) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| 3 (25) | (−23.99 to 40.66) | 2 (16.67) | (−29.82 to 29.82) | ||
KE | ||||||
Stronger spastic leg | ||||||
| 2 (16.67) | 4 (33.33) | 0.083 | 4 (33.33) | 2 (16.67) | 0.408 |
| 6 (50.00) | (−1.95 to 68.62) | 6 (50.00) | (−22.21 to 55.55) | ||
Weaker spastic leg
| ||||||
1 (8.33) | 5 (41.67) | 0.025 * | 4 (33.33) | 2 (16.67) | 0.408 | |
6 (50.00) | (9.43 to 73.99) | 6 (50.00) | (−22.21 to 55.55) | |||
KF | ||||||
Stronger spastic leg | 6 (50.00) | 1 (8.33) | 0.682 | 9 (75.00) | 3 (25.00) | 0.206 |
| 5 (41.67) | (−31.4 to 48.06) | 6 (50.00) | (−12.42 to 62.42) | ||
| ||||||
Weaker spastic leg | ||||||
| 5 (41.67) | 3 (25.00) | 0.178 | 7 (58.33) | 3 (25.00) | 0.219 |
| 2 (16.67) | (−9.67 to 59.97) | 4 (33.33) | (−13.59 to 63.59) | ||
APF | ||||||
Stronger spastic leg | 2 (16.67) | 1 (8.33) | 0.615 | 6 (50.00) | 3 (25) | 0.206 |
| 3 (25) | (−23.99 to 40.66) | 3 (25) | (−12.42 to 62.42) | ||
| ||||||
Weaker spastic leg | ||||||
| 5 (41.67) | 3 (25) | 0.178 | 4 (33.33) | 4 (33.33) | 0.029 * |
| 2 (16.67) | (−9.97 to 59.97) | 0 (0) | (6.66 to 60.00) |
Functional Ability Test | Groups | Within the SVF and IVF Groups’ Baselines and after 8 Weeks | Between SVF and IVF Groups after 8 Weeks $ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | After 8 Weeks | Change (95% CI) | p-Value | Mean Difference (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
FTSTS | SVF | 17.07 ± 3.66 | 11.33 ± 3.21 | −5.74 ± 3.44 (−7.92 to −3.55) | 0.0001 # | −1.65 (−3.81 to 0.52) | 0.13 |
IVF | 17.26 ± 6.00 | 13.06 ± 3.53 | −4.20 ± 3.88 (−6.66 to −1.74) | 0.003 ** | |||
TUG | SVF | 19.59 ± 10.97 | 17.15 ± 10.49 | −2.44 ± 1.76 (−3.56 to −1.32) | 0.0006 # | −0.65 (−5.01 to 3.71) | 0.76 |
IVF | 19.43 ± 10.39 | 17.66 ± 11.49 | −1.77 ± 6.99 (−6.22 to 2.67) | 0.40 | |||
FRT | SVF | 17.08 ± 08 | 20.64 ± 5.84 | 3.56 ± 5.16 (0.27 to 6.84) | 0.036 * | 0.53 (−3.43 to 4.49) | 0.78 |
IVF | 17.55 ± 3.1 | 20.26 ± 3.35 | 2.71 ± 5.08 (−0.51 to 5.94) | 0.09 | |||
10 MW | SVF | 13.28 ± 4.13 | 12.27 ± 4.61 | −1.01 (−2.31 to 0.30) | 0.12 | −1.71 (−6.02 to 2.60) | 0.42 |
IVF | 14.66 ± 11.55 | 14.81 ± 9.04 | 0.15 (−5.11 to 5.42) | 0.95 |
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Peungsuwan, P.; Chatchawan, U.; Donpunha, W.; Malila, P.; Sriboonreung, T. Different Protocols for Low Whole-Body Vibration Frequency for Spasticity and Physical Performance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Children 2023, 10, 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030458
Peungsuwan P, Chatchawan U, Donpunha W, Malila P, Sriboonreung T. Different Protocols for Low Whole-Body Vibration Frequency for Spasticity and Physical Performance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Children. 2023; 10(3):458. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030458
Chicago/Turabian StylePeungsuwan, Punnee, Uraiwan Chatchawan, Wanida Donpunha, Pisamai Malila, and Thanyaluck Sriboonreung. 2023. "Different Protocols for Low Whole-Body Vibration Frequency for Spasticity and Physical Performance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy" Children 10, no. 3: 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030458