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Article

Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Low-Density and High-Density Human Lung Macrophages

by
Barbara Balestrieri
1,*,†,
Francescopaolo Granata
1,2,*,
Stefania Loffredo
1,2,3,4,
Angelica Petraroli
1,2,
Giulia Scalia
5,
Paolo Morabito
6,
Chiara Cardamone
7,
Gilda Varricchi
1,2,3,4,‡ and
Massimo Triggiani
7,‡
1
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
2
Center of Excellence, World Allergy Organization (WAO), 80131 Naples, Italy
3
Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
5
Clinical and Experimental Cytometry Unit, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
6
Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
7
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Present Address: Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
‡
Co-senior authors and correspondence: Gilda Varricchi; Massimo Triggiani.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(5), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050505
Submission received: 30 December 2020 / Revised: 26 April 2021 / Accepted: 28 April 2021 / Published: 4 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macrophages in Health and Non-infectious Disease 2.0)
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Abstract

Background: Pulmonary macrophages are a highly heterogeneous cell population distributed in different lung compartments. Methods: We separated two subpopulations of macrophages from human lung parenchyma according to flotation over density gradients. Results: Two-thirds 65.4% of the lung macrophages have a density between 1.065 and 1.078 (high-density macrophages: HDMs), and the remaining one-third (34.6) had a density between 1.039 and 1.052 (low-density macrophages: LDMs). LDMs had a larger area (691 vs. 462 μm2) and cell perimeter (94 vs. 77 μm) compared to HDMs. A significantly higher percentage of HDMs expressed CD40, CD45, and CD86 compared to LDMs. In contrast, a higher percentage of LDMs expressed the activation markers CD63 and CD64. The release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly higher in HDMs than in LDMs. Conclusion: The human lung contains two subpopulations of macrophages that differ in buoyancy, morphometric parameters, surface marker expression and response to LPS. These subpopulations of macrophages probably play distinct roles in lung inflammation and immune responses.
Keywords: cancer; IL-6; IL-10; IL-12; lipopolysaccharide; lung; monocytes; macrophages; TNF-α cancer; IL-6; IL-10; IL-12; lipopolysaccharide; lung; monocytes; macrophages; TNF-α

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MDPI and ACS Style

Balestrieri, B.; Granata, F.; Loffredo, S.; Petraroli, A.; Scalia, G.; Morabito, P.; Cardamone, C.; Varricchi, G.; Triggiani, M. Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Low-Density and High-Density Human Lung Macrophages. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050505

AMA Style

Balestrieri B, Granata F, Loffredo S, Petraroli A, Scalia G, Morabito P, Cardamone C, Varricchi G, Triggiani M. Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Low-Density and High-Density Human Lung Macrophages. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(5):505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050505

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balestrieri, Barbara, Francescopaolo Granata, Stefania Loffredo, Angelica Petraroli, Giulia Scalia, Paolo Morabito, Chiara Cardamone, Gilda Varricchi, and Massimo Triggiani. 2021. "Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Low-Density and High-Density Human Lung Macrophages" Biomedicines 9, no. 5: 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050505

APA Style

Balestrieri, B., Granata, F., Loffredo, S., Petraroli, A., Scalia, G., Morabito, P., Cardamone, C., Varricchi, G., & Triggiani, M. (2021). Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Low-Density and High-Density Human Lung Macrophages. Biomedicines, 9(5), 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050505

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