Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
1
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
2
Next-Generation Therapies Program, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
3
Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
4
Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
5
Captis Diagnostics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2020, 8(12), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120581
Received: 30 October 2020
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Revised: 29 November 2020
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Accepted: 1 December 2020
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Published: 7 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies)
Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is highly metastatic, and it tends to be detected at advanced stages. Identifying and developing biomarkers for early detection of PC is crucial for a potentially curative treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer lipid membrane-structured nanovesicles found in various human bodily fluids, and they play important roles in tumor biogenesis and metastasis. Cancer-derived EVs are enriched with DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid, and they have emerged as attractive diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of PC. In this article, we provided an overview of the cell biology of EVs and their isolation and analysis, and their roles in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Multiplatform analyses of plasma-based exosomes for genomic DNA, micro RNA, mRNA, circular RNA, and protein for diagnosis of PC were critically reviewed. Numerous lines of evidence demonstrate that liquid biopsy with analysis of EV-based biomarkers has variable performance for diagnosis of PC. Future investigation is indicated to optimize the methodology for isolating and analyzing EVs and to identify the combination of EV-based biomarkers and other clinical datasets, with the goal of improving the predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of screening tests for early detection and diagnosis of PC.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Yee, N.S.; Zhang, S.; He, H.-Z.; Zheng, S.-Y. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120581
AMA Style
Yee NS, Zhang S, He H-Z, Zheng S-Y. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(12):581. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120581
Chicago/Turabian StyleYee, Nelson S., Sheng Zhang, Hong-Zhang He, and Si-Yang Zheng. 2020. "Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer" Biomedicines 8, no. 12: 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120581
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