Impact of Long-Term Statin Therapy on Incidence and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Real-World Data Analysis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Source
2.2. Participants and Exposure Assessment
2.3. Outcomes
2.4. Baseline Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Recruitment
3.2. Outcomes According the Use of Statins
4. Discussion
4.1. Potential Lung-Protective Effect of Statins
4.2. Real World Data
4.3. Characteristics and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ATC | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical |
CAP | Community-acquired pneumonia |
CI | Confidence interval |
HER | Electronic health records |
ICU | Intensive care unit |
SIDIAP | Information System for Research in Primary Care |
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Statin New-Users N = 319,782 | Statin Non-Users N = 319,782 | p-Value | SMD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) (women) | 180,405 (56.4) | 182,112 (56.9) | <0.001 | 0.011 |
Age, mean (SD) | 71.09 (7.55) | 71.09 (7.55) | 0.963 | <0.001 |
Smoking n (%) | <0.001 | 0.078 | ||
Smoker | 33,532 (10.5) | 39,519 (12.4) | ||
Former smoker | 47,249 (14.8) | 40,761 (12.7) | ||
Hypertension, n (%) | 119,638 (37.4) | 94,498 (29.6) | <0.001 | 0.167 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 46,093 (14.4) | 19,932 (6.2) | <0.001 | 0.271 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 98,696 (30.9) | 60,454 (18.9) | <0.001 | 0.279 |
Obesity, n (%) | 44,892 (14.0) | 30,983 (9.7) | <0.001 | 0.135 |
Charlson index, median [IQR] | 2.00 [1.00, 3.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 2.00] | <0.001 | 0.167 |
MEDEA deprivation index, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.072 | ||
Rural | 21,629 (6.8) | 23,662 (7.4) | ||
Semi-rural | 17,726 (5.5) | 18,944 (5.9) | ||
Urban with low deprivation | 62,725 (19.6) | 68,602 (21.5) | ||
Semi-urban | 39,256 (12.3) | 38,647 (12.1) | ||
Urban with medium-low deprivation | 50,357 (15.7) | 51,499 (16.1) | ||
Urban with medium-high deprivation | 68,173 (21.3) | 62,318 (19.5) | ||
Urban with high deprivation | 59,478 (18.6) | 55,542 (17.4) | ||
Pneumococcal vaccination, n (%) | 24,734 (7.7) | 21,021 (6.6) | <0.001 | 0.045 |
Statin New Users | Statin Non-Users | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events | Incidence Rate (95% CI) | Events | Incidence Rate (95% CI) | Adjusted Risk Ratio * (95% CI) | |
CAP incidence | 13,453 | 42.1 (41.9; 42.2) | 11,715 | 36.6 (36.5; 36.8) | 0.94 (0.91; 0.96) |
CAP severity (ICU admission) | 3690 | 11.5 (11.5; 11.6) | 3223 | 10.1 (10.0; 10.1) | 0.93 (0.88; 0.98) |
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Toledo, D.; Cartanyà-Hueso, À.; Morros, R.; Giner-Soriano, M.; Domínguez, À.; Vilaplana-Carnerero, C.; Grau, M. Impact of Long-Term Statin Therapy on Incidence and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Real-World Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061438
Toledo D, Cartanyà-Hueso À, Morros R, Giner-Soriano M, Domínguez À, Vilaplana-Carnerero C, Grau M. Impact of Long-Term Statin Therapy on Incidence and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Real-World Data Analysis. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(6):1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061438
Chicago/Turabian StyleToledo, Diana, Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso, Rosa Morros, Maria Giner-Soriano, Àngela Domínguez, Carles Vilaplana-Carnerero, and María Grau. 2025. "Impact of Long-Term Statin Therapy on Incidence and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Real-World Data Analysis" Biomedicines 13, no. 6: 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061438
APA StyleToledo, D., Cartanyà-Hueso, À., Morros, R., Giner-Soriano, M., Domínguez, À., Vilaplana-Carnerero, C., & Grau, M. (2025). Impact of Long-Term Statin Therapy on Incidence and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Real-World Data Analysis. Biomedicines, 13(6), 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061438