Dissection of Protein Kinase Pathways in Live Cells Using Photoluminescent Probes: Surveillance or Interrogation?
1
Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61B, 50410 Tartu, Estonia
2
Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Chemosensors 2018, 6(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6020019
Received: 31 March 2018 / Revised: 22 April 2018 / Accepted: 23 April 2018 / Published: 25 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluorescent Probes for Live Cell Imaging)
Protein kinases catalyze phosphorylation, a small yet crucial modification that affects participation of the substrate proteins in the intracellular signaling pathways. The activity of 538 protein kinases encoded in human genome relies upon spatiotemporally controlled mechanisms, ensuring correct progression of virtually all physiological processes on the cellular level—from cell division to cell death. The aberrant functioning of protein kinases is linked to a wide spectrum of major health issues including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, etc. Hence, significant effort of scientific community has been dedicated to the dissection of protein kinase pathways in their natural milieu. The combination of recent advances in the field of light microscopy, the wide variety of genetically encoded or synthetic photoluminescent scaffolds, and the techniques for intracellular delivery of cargoes has enabled design of a plethora of probes that can report activation of target protein kinases in human live cells. The question remains: how much do we bias intracellular signaling of protein kinases by monitoring it? This review seeks answers to this question by analyzing different classes of probes according to their general structure, mechanism of recognition of biological target, and optical properties necessary for the reporting of intracellular events.
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Keywords:
protein kinase; phosphorylation; photoluminescence; fluorescence; FRET; probe; sensor; reporter
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lavogina, D.; Kopanchuk, S.; Viht, K. Dissection of Protein Kinase Pathways in Live Cells Using Photoluminescent Probes: Surveillance or Interrogation? Chemosensors 2018, 6, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6020019
AMA Style
Lavogina D, Kopanchuk S, Viht K. Dissection of Protein Kinase Pathways in Live Cells Using Photoluminescent Probes: Surveillance or Interrogation? Chemosensors. 2018; 6(2):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleLavogina, Darja; Kopanchuk, Sergei; Viht, Kaido. 2018. "Dissection of Protein Kinase Pathways in Live Cells Using Photoluminescent Probes: Surveillance or Interrogation?" Chemosensors 6, no. 2: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6020019
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