Electro-Steric Stabilization of Green-Synthesized Ni-Co Nanoparticles via β-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Cadmium Ion Sensing
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the Star Anise Piece Extract
2.3. Green Synthesis of the Bare Ni-Co Nanoparticles (Ni-Co NPs)
2.4. Synthesis of the Ni-Co/β-CD Nanocomposite (Ni-Co/β-CD)
2.5. Detection of Cd2+ by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)
2.6. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Synthesized Bare Ni-Co NPs and Ni-Co/β-CD Nanocomposite
3.1.1. FTIR
3.1.2. XRD
3.1.3. Zeta Potential and Particle Size Distribution
3.2. Morphology of Bare Ni-Co NPs and Ni-Co/β-CD Nanocomposite
3.2.1. SEM-EDX
3.2.2. TEM
3.3. QCM Sensor-Based Bare Ni-Co NPs and Ni-Co/β-CD Nanocomposite for Cd2+ Heavy Metal Detection
Comparative Analytical Performance of QCM-D Sensors
4. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
| β-CD | β-cyclodextrin |
| QCM | quartz crystal microbalance |
| Δf | frequency shift |
| ΔD | dissipation shift |
| LOD | limit of detection |
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| Parameter | Bare Ni-Co NPs | Ni-Co/β-CD Nanocomposite |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (µM) | −1.27 | 34.72 |
| LOD | 472.2 | 17.3 |
| Linear range (mM) | 0.01–0.03 | 0.005–0.05 |
| R2 | 0.004 | 0.473 |
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© 2026 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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Al-Gethami, W. Electro-Steric Stabilization of Green-Synthesized Ni-Co Nanoparticles via β-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Cadmium Ion Sensing. Chemosensors 2026, 14, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14040085
Al-Gethami W. Electro-Steric Stabilization of Green-Synthesized Ni-Co Nanoparticles via β-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Cadmium Ion Sensing. Chemosensors. 2026; 14(4):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14040085
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Gethami, Wafa. 2026. "Electro-Steric Stabilization of Green-Synthesized Ni-Co Nanoparticles via β-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Cadmium Ion Sensing" Chemosensors 14, no. 4: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14040085
APA StyleAl-Gethami, W. (2026). Electro-Steric Stabilization of Green-Synthesized Ni-Co Nanoparticles via β-Cyclodextrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Cadmium Ion Sensing. Chemosensors, 14(4), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14040085
