Comparison of Surface and Spectral Properties of Optical Sensor Layers Prepared by Spin/Spray Coating and Printing Techniques
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Optical Sensor Layers
2.1.1. Spin Coating
2.1.2. Inkjet Printing
2.1.3. Inkjet Printing
2.2. Characterization of Optical Sensors
2.2.1. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
2.2.2. Surface Free Energy (SFE)
2.2.3. Surface Chemical Composition (XPS)
2.2.4. Avantes AvaSpec Spectrophotometer
2.2.5. Real-Time Response of Optical Sensors
3. Results
3.1. Preparation of Optical Sensor Layers with Different Techniques
3.2. Characterization of Optical Sensor Layers
3.2.1. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
3.2.2. Water Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy
Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Character of Glass and Optical Sensor Layers Prepared with Different Techniques
Surface Free Energy of Glass and Optical Sensor Layers Prepared with DifferentTechniques
3.2.3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
3.2.4. Spectral Properties of Sensor Layers in the Presence of Ammonia
Response to Ammonia in an Aqueous Medium
Response Time of Sensor Layers (Time Drive)
3.2.5. Real-Time Response of Optical Sensor Layers
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Method | Media | LOD (ppm) | Response Time (s) | Recovery Time (s) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3% Er-doped ZnO | Nebulizer spray | gas | 125 | 120 | 10 | [25] |
CA matrix | Spin coating | gas | / | 1320 | 3600 | [6] |
Sol-gel | coating | aqueous | 0.2 | 300 | / | [26] |
WO3/Si; WO3/PS | spin coating | gas | / | 16.1; 14.1 | 19.7; 19.2 | [27] |
1D supramolecular nanofibres | drop-casting | humidity | <1 ppb | 2.05 | 2.25 | [28] |
Pani-SnO2 Nanocomposite | Spin coating | gas | / | 12–15 | 80 | [29] |
Sol-gel | Spin coating | gas | 34 | <600 | 480 | [30] |
α-Fe O2 3-ZnOsol-gel | Spin coating | gas | / | 20 | 20 | [31] |
ZnO | Spray pyrolysis | gas | / | 20 | 25 | [32] |
Sol-gel | Spray coating | aqueous | 0.1 | 5 | 1500 | Present work |
Samples | Water Contact Angles (˚) |
---|---|
Glass | 21.19 ± 0.63 |
Sensor_SC | 79.84 ± 1.41 |
Sensor_IP | 83.69 ± 2.46 |
Sensor_SP | 80.06 ± 1.36 |
Samples | Atomic Proportion (at. %) of Surface Composition | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | O | Si | O/C | |
Glass | 47.4 | 34.8 | 15.2 | 0.73 |
Sensor_SC | 63.5 | 22.4 | 14.1 | 0.35 |
Sensor_IP | 61.6 | 24.1 | 14.2 | 0.39 |
Sensor_SP | 64.6 | 22.5 | 12.8 | 0.35 |
Samples | C1 (%) C-C; C-H | C2 (%) C-O; C-OH; C-Si | C4 (%) O-C=O |
---|---|---|---|
Glass | 88.5 | 6.9 | 4.6 |
Sensor_SC | 91.0 | 9.0 | 0 |
Sensor_IP | 93.2 | 6.8 | 0 |
Sensor_SP | 91.2 | 8.8 | 0 |
SC_Sensor | IP_Sensor | SP_Sensor | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dEab* | Colour | dEab* | Colour | dEab* | Colour | |
Day 0 | 1.13 | 1.19 | 1.46 | |||
Day 1 | 1.69 | 1.53 | 7.7 | |||
Day 2 | 1.93 | 2.03 | 8.12 | |||
Day 3 | 5.3 | 2.8 | 14.9 | |||
Day 4 | 4.07 | 3.66 | 20 | |||
Day 5 | 8.14 | 2.92 | 23.27 | |||
Day 6 | 9.25 | 4.17 | 27.38 |
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Dimitrušev, N.; Nedeljko, P.; Mabes Raj, A.F.P.A.; Lobnik, A. Comparison of Surface and Spectral Properties of Optical Sensor Layers Prepared by Spin/Spray Coating and Printing Techniques. Chemosensors 2023, 11, 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020136
Dimitrušev N, Nedeljko P, Mabes Raj AFPA, Lobnik A. Comparison of Surface and Spectral Properties of Optical Sensor Layers Prepared by Spin/Spray Coating and Printing Techniques. Chemosensors. 2023; 11(2):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020136
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimitrušev, Nena, Polonca Nedeljko, A. F. P. Allwin Mabes Raj, and Aleksandra Lobnik. 2023. "Comparison of Surface and Spectral Properties of Optical Sensor Layers Prepared by Spin/Spray Coating and Printing Techniques" Chemosensors 11, no. 2: 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020136