What Are the Factors Associated with Nonadherence to Medications in Patients with Chronic Diseases?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Sample Size Calculations
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. MARS-5 and BMQ-Reported Responses Portrayals
3.3. Logistic Regression Model
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Characteristics | Adhered Frequency (%) or Mean (SD) | Non-Adhered Frequency (%) or Mean (SD) | Total Frequency (%) or Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 80 (32.5%) | 166 (76.5%) | 246 (50.7%) |
Female | 75 (21.4%) | 164 (68.6%) | 239 (49.3 %) |
Age | 57.34 (13.95) | 57.05 (12.27) | 57.14 (12.81) |
Educational level | |||
Illiterate a | 8 (50.0%) | 8 (50.0%) | 16 (3.3%) |
Primary Education | 11 (20.0%) | 44 (80.0%) | 55 (11.3%) |
Secondary Education | 54 (41.5%) | 76 (58.5%) | 49 (10.1%) |
High School | 76 (58.5%) | 54 (41.5%) | 130 (26.8%) |
Bachelor’s Degree | 59 (30.1%) | 137 (69.9%) | 196 (40.4%) |
Master’s Degree | 9 (33.3%) | 18 (66.7%) | 27 (5.6) |
PhD | 3 (75%) | 9 (75%) | 12 (2.5) |
Income level | |||
Low b | 16 (29.6%) | 38 (70.4%) | 57 (11.8%) |
Intermediate c | 115 (30.7%) | 259(69.3%) | 374 (77.1%) |
High d | 24 (42.1%) | 33 (57.9) | 54 (11.1%) |
Diseases | |||
Hypertension | 58 (33.5%) | 115 (66.5%) | 173 (35.7%) |
Diabetes | 46 (29.5%) | 110 (70.5%) | 156 (32.2%) |
Cardiovascular | 29 (33.0%) | 59 (67.0%) | 88 (18.1%) |
Asthma | 17 (32.7%) | 35 (67.3%) | 52 (10.7%) |
Daily frequency of taking medications | 3.00 (1.35) | 3.78 (2.02) | 3.53(1.87) |
Ensured | |||
Yes | 67 (22.3%) | 234 (77.7%) | 301 (62.1%) |
No | 88 (47.8%) | 96 (52.2%) | 184 (87.9%) |
Medication Adherence Report Scale | Frequency (%) | Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|---|
I forget to take them | Always | 18 (3.7) | 3.21 (1.10) |
Often | 116 (23.9) | ||
Sometimes | 180 (37.1) | ||
Rarely | 87 (17.9) | ||
Never | 84 (17.3) | ||
I change the dose | Always | 8 (1.6) | 3.46 (1.10) |
Often | 91 (18.8) | ||
Sometimes | 176 (36.3) | ||
Rarely | 91 (18.8) | ||
Never | 119 (24.5) | ||
I stop taking them for a while | Always | 13 (2.7) | 3.39 (1.13) |
Often | 93 (19.2) | ||
Sometimes | 194 (40) | ||
Rarely | 63 (13) | ||
Never | 122 (25.2) | ||
I decide to skip a dose | Always | 6 (1.2) | 3.51 (1.12) |
Often | 89 (18.4) | ||
Sometimes | 178 (36.7) | ||
Rarely | 78 (16.1) | ||
Never | 134 (27.6) | ||
I take medications less than instructed | Always | 15 (3.1) | 3.49 (1.14) |
Often | 77 (15.9) | ||
Sometimes | 182 (37.5) | ||
Rarely | 77 (15.9) | ||
Never | 134 (27.6) |
Statement | Agree/Strongly Agree N (%) | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Specific necessity | 3.67 (0.71) | |
1—My health, at present, depends on my medicine | 417 (86) | 4.05 (0.94) |
2—My life would be impossible without my medicine | 406 (83.7) | 3.75 (0.86) |
3—Without my medicine, I would be very sick | 296 (61) | 3.58 (0.89) |
4—My health in the future will depend on my medicine | 199 (41) | 3.33 (0.76) |
5—My medicine protects me from becoming wore | 275 (59.7) | 3.62 (0.84) |
Specific concerns | 3.28 (0.84) | |
1—Having to take medicine worries me | 137 (28.2) | 3.02 (0.90) |
2—I sometimes worry about the long-term effects of my medicine | 296 (61.1) | 3.37 (0.98) |
3—My medicines are a mystery to me | 246 (50.7) | 3.24 (0.95) |
4—My medicine disrupts my life | 264 (54.4) | 3.13 (1.10) |
5—I sometimes worry about becoming too dependent on my medicine | 229 (47.2) | 3.32 (0.90) |
6—This medicine gives me unfavorable side effects | 313 (64.5) | 3.59 (0.97) |
Significant Variables * | B | p-Value | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval of 95% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Necessity score | 1.44 | <0.01 | 4.22 | 2.59 | 6.87 |
Concerns score | −0.32 | 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.56 | 0.95 |
Frequency of taking medications | −0.30 | <0.01 | 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.84 |
Medical insurance | |||||
Ensured | −1.37 | <0.01 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.40 |
Not ensured | Reference | - | - | - | - |
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Al Bawab, A.Q.; Al-Qerem, W.; Abusara, O.; Alkhatib, N.; Mansour, M.; Horne, R. What Are the Factors Associated with Nonadherence to Medications in Patients with Chronic Diseases? Healthcare 2021, 9, 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091237
Al Bawab AQ, Al-Qerem W, Abusara O, Alkhatib N, Mansour M, Horne R. What Are the Factors Associated with Nonadherence to Medications in Patients with Chronic Diseases? Healthcare. 2021; 9(9):1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091237
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl Bawab, Abdel Qader, Walid Al-Qerem, Osama Abusara, Nimer Alkhatib, Maha Mansour, and Robert Horne. 2021. "What Are the Factors Associated with Nonadherence to Medications in Patients with Chronic Diseases?" Healthcare 9, no. 9: 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091237