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Article

Clinical Factors Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Mexican Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Multicentric Hospital Study

by
Joel Monárrez-Espino
1,2,*,
Carolina Ivette Zubía-Nevárez
2,
Lorena Reyes-Silva
1,
Juan Pablo Castillo-Palencia
3,
Julio Enrique Castañeda-Delgado
4,
Ana Sofía Herrera van-Oostdam
5 and
Yamilé López-Hernández
6,*
1
Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
2
Vice Presidency of Health Sciences, Medical Specialties Program, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico
3
General Hospital of Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí Health Services, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez 78435, Mexico
4
Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
5
Biochemistry Department, San Luis Potosí Autonomous University, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico
6
Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Mexican Council of Science and Technology, Zacatecas Autonomous University, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2021, 9(7), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070895
Submission received: 2 June 2021 / Revised: 16 June 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Epidemiology, Research and Implications for Public Health)
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Abstract

(1) Background: Latin America has been harshly hit by SARS-CoV-2, but reporting from this region is still incomplete. This study aimed at identifying and comparing clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 at different stages of disease severity. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional multicentric study. Individuals with nasopharyngeal PCR were categorized into four groups: (1) negative, (2) positive, not hospitalized, (3) positive, hospitalized with/without supplementary oxygen, and (4) positive, intubated. Clinical and laboratory data were compared, using group 1 as the reference. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to compare adjusted odds ratios. (3) Results: Nine variables remained in the model, explaining 76% of the variability. Men had increased odds, from 1.90 (95%CI 0.87–4.15) in the comparison of 2 vs. 1, to 3.66 (1.12–11.9) in 4 vs. 1. Diabetes and obesity were strong predictors. For diabetes, the odds for groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1.56 (0.29–8.16), 12.8 (2.50–65.8), and 16.1 (2.87–90.2); for obesity, these were 0.79 (0.31–2.05), 3.38 (1.04–10.9), and 4.10 (1.16–14.4), respectively. Fever, myalgia/arthralgia, cough, dyspnea, and neutrophilia were associated with the more severe COVID-19 group. Anosmia/dysgeusia were more likely to occur in group 2 (25.5; 2.51–259). (4) Conclusion: The results point to relevant differences in clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 by level of severity that can be used in medical practice.
Keywords: COVID-19; disease severity; Mexico; multivariate analysis; signs and symptoms COVID-19; disease severity; Mexico; multivariate analysis; signs and symptoms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Monárrez-Espino, J.; Zubía-Nevárez, C.I.; Reyes-Silva, L.; Castillo-Palencia, J.P.; Castañeda-Delgado, J.E.; Herrera van-Oostdam, A.S.; López-Hernández, Y. Clinical Factors Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Mexican Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Multicentric Hospital Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070895

AMA Style

Monárrez-Espino J, Zubía-Nevárez CI, Reyes-Silva L, Castillo-Palencia JP, Castañeda-Delgado JE, Herrera van-Oostdam AS, López-Hernández Y. Clinical Factors Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Mexican Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Multicentric Hospital Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(7):895. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070895

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monárrez-Espino, Joel, Carolina Ivette Zubía-Nevárez, Lorena Reyes-Silva, Juan Pablo Castillo-Palencia, Julio Enrique Castañeda-Delgado, Ana Sofía Herrera van-Oostdam, and Yamilé López-Hernández. 2021. "Clinical Factors Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Mexican Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Multicentric Hospital Study" Healthcare 9, no. 7: 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070895

APA Style

Monárrez-Espino, J., Zubía-Nevárez, C. I., Reyes-Silva, L., Castillo-Palencia, J. P., Castañeda-Delgado, J. E., Herrera van-Oostdam, A. S., & López-Hernández, Y. (2021). Clinical Factors Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Mexican Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Multicentric Hospital Study. Healthcare, 9(7), 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070895

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