Cerebral Blood Flow Is Reduced in Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients During Mild Orthostatic Stress Testing: An Exploratory Study at 20 Degrees of Head-Up Tilt Testing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Head-Up Tilt Test with Cerebral Blood Flow and Stroke Volume Measurements
2.3. Cerebral Blood Flow Determination by Doppler Echographic Measurements
2.4. Stroke Volume Determination by Doppler Echocardiographic Measurements:
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Patient Clinical and Echo Doppler Data
4. Discussion
4.1. Clinical Implications
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Supine | End of Study | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (bpm) | 83 (13) | 104 (23) | <0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134 (11) | 138 (14) | 0.10 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (9) | 86 (9) | 0.0006 |
End-tidal CO2 (mmHg) | 38 (3) | 29 (6) | <0.0001 |
Cerebral blood flow (mL/min) | 619 (68) | 453 (63) | <0.0001 |
Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 36 (6) | 25 (5) | <0.0001 |
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.9 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.4) | <0.0001 |
Cerebral blood flow %change | −27 (5)% | ||
Stroke volume index %change | −31 (8)% | ||
Cardiac index %change | −27 (7)% |
Group 1 Norm BPHR n = 15 | Group 2 POTS n = 4 | p-Value Group 1 vs. Group 2 | p-value Group 1 Supine vs. End Tilt | p-Value Group 2 Supine vs. End Tilt | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR supine (bpm) | 80 (12) | 91 (10) | 0.14 | ||
HR end-tilt (bpm) | 98 (21) | 126 (10) | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.0002 |
SBP supine (mmHg) | 135 (11) | 132 (7) | 0.63 | ||
SBP end-tilt (mmHg) | 141 (13) | 126 (3) | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.19 |
DBP supine (mmHg) | 80 (10) | 80 (4) | 0.98 | ||
DBP end-tilt (mmHg) | 87 (10) | 84 (3) | 0.57 | 0.002 | 0.05 |
PetCO2 supine (mmHg) | 38 (3) | 38 (3) | 0.85 | ||
PetCO2end-tilt (mmHg) | 30 (6) | 28 (6) | 0.57 | <0.0001 | 0.05 |
CBF supine (mL/min) | 615 (71) | 632 (71) | 0.70 | ||
CBF end-tilt (mL/min) | 452 (57) | 474 (67) | 0.54 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
CBF end-tilt %change | −26 (5)% | −25 (2) | 0.69 | ||
SVI supine (mL/m2) | 36 (5) | 36 (12) | 0.95 | ||
SVI end-tilt (mL/m2) | 25 (4) | 23 (8) | 0.54 | <0.0001 | 0.01 |
SVI end tilt %change | −30 (8)% | −35 (7)% | 0.27 | ||
CI supine (L/min/m2) | 2.8 (0.5) | 3.2(0.8) | 0.17 | ||
CI end tilt (L/min/m2) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.6) | 0.08 | <0.0001 | 0.01 |
CI end tilt %change | −27 (8)% | −26 (6) | 0.72 |
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van Campen, C.M.C.; Rowe, P.C.; Visser, F.C. Cerebral Blood Flow Is Reduced in Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients During Mild Orthostatic Stress Testing: An Exploratory Study at 20 Degrees of Head-Up Tilt Testing. Healthcare 2020, 8, 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020169
van Campen CMC, Rowe PC, Visser FC. Cerebral Blood Flow Is Reduced in Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients During Mild Orthostatic Stress Testing: An Exploratory Study at 20 Degrees of Head-Up Tilt Testing. Healthcare. 2020; 8(2):169. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020169
Chicago/Turabian Stylevan Campen, C (Linda) M.C., Peter C. Rowe, and Frans C. Visser. 2020. "Cerebral Blood Flow Is Reduced in Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients During Mild Orthostatic Stress Testing: An Exploratory Study at 20 Degrees of Head-Up Tilt Testing" Healthcare 8, no. 2: 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020169