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Volume 13
Issue 22
10.3390/healthcare13222873
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Review

A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation

by
Jia Fu
1,2,
Hankai Zhang
1,
Xi Yu
1,
Tian Zhong
1,
Xiaoyu Tao
3,4,* and
Ying Xiao
1,*
1
Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
2
School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, China
3
School of Management, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou 510006, China
4
Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Hong Kong Public Health Technology Research Center, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2025, 13(22), 2873; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222873
Submission received: 25 September 2025 / Revised: 26 October 2025 / Accepted: 10 November 2025 / Published: 12 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Endurance and Ultra-Endurance: Implications of Training, Recovery, Nutrition, and Technology on Performance and Health)
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Abstract

University students commonly experience reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and elevated psychological stress due to sedentary lifestyles and academic pressure. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and B-vitamin supplementation are individually known to enhance physiological and psychological health, their combined effects remain underexplored. This systematically guided narrative review synthesizes current evidence on how HIIT and B-vitamin supplementation may interact to influence aerobic capacity, metabolic regulation, and stress resilience. Existing studies demonstrate that HIIT improves VO2max, mitochondrial efficiency, and HPA-axis stability, while B-vitamins facilitate energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and oxidative stress control. Together, these mechanisms suggest a potential synergistic interaction that enhances endurance and psychological well-being through coordinated metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. However, this synergy remains a theoretical model requiring empirical validation through controlled trials. The findings highlight the importance of integrated exercise–nutrition strategies in promoting health and resilience among college populations.
Keywords: high-intensity interval training (HIIT); B-vitamin supplementation; psychological stress high-intensity interval training (HIIT); B-vitamin supplementation; psychological stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fu, J.; Zhang, H.; Yu, X.; Zhong, T.; Tao, X.; Xiao, Y. A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation. Healthcare 2025, 13, 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222873

AMA Style

Fu J, Zhang H, Yu X, Zhong T, Tao X, Xiao Y. A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation. Healthcare. 2025; 13(22):2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222873

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fu, Jia, Hankai Zhang, Xi Yu, Tian Zhong, Xiaoyu Tao, and Ying Xiao. 2025. "A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation" Healthcare 13, no. 22: 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222873

APA Style

Fu, J., Zhang, H., Yu, X., Zhong, T., Tao, X., & Xiao, Y. (2025). A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation. Healthcare, 13(22), 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222873

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