Next Article in Journal
Psychosocial Correlates of Fatigue in Young Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring the Roles of Resilience, Mindfulness, and Illness Perception
Previous Article in Journal
Effectiveness of Adapted Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Patients with Knee and Hip Replacement: A Randomized Pilot Study
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Healthcare
Volume 13
Issue 18
10.3390/healthcare13182334
healthcare-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Pokémon GO, Went, Gone…—Physical Activity Level, Health Behaviours, and Mental Well-Being of Game Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

by
Michał Giller
1,*,
Tomasz Kowal
1,
Wirginia Likus
1 and
Anna Brzęk
2,*
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
2
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2025, 13(18), 2334; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182334
Submission received: 10 July 2025 / Revised: 12 September 2025 / Accepted: 15 September 2025 / Published: 17 September 2025
Browse Figure
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Pokémon GO has had a substantial global impact, emerging as one of the most prominent smartphone game releases of the 21st century. Beyond its entertainment value, this game has the potential to encourage physical activity alongside recreational engagement. Consequently, it may facilitate the integration of augmented reality into daily routines within the context of advancing mobile device technology. This study aimed to assess the impact of Pokémon GO on users’ physical activity levels, as well as to identify other implicit health outcomes and potential risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long form) and a custom-designed survey (including demographic characteristics) administered to a cohort of 243 Pokémon GO players (112 females and 131 males, mean age 27 ± 7 years). Results: According to IPAQ-long form data, 68% of Pokémon GO users demonstrated high physical activity levels, 29% moderate, and 2.5% insufficient activity. More than 80% of participants reported increased walking distances, and 39% indicated that playing the game had improved their overall mood, while 13% reported enhanced social interactions. However, some findings are concerning, with 27% of respondents admitting to sacrificing sleep, 20% considering themselves addicted, and more than half exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) screen time guidelines based solely on the time spent playing Pokémon GO. Conclusions: Pokémon GO has a positive impact on users’ physical activity levels, particularly in terms of low-intensity physical activities such as walking. This observational study suggests that the application may be associated with a healthy lifestyle and enhanced interpersonal contact. Prudent and safe usage is advised, as the game has the potential to be addictive and may pose risks when misused.

1. Introduction

The widespread adoption of smartphones has transformed global connectivity and functionality, rendering these devices ubiquitous tools for a diverse array of functions. This integration of technology into daily life presents both challenges and opportunities for public health. While increased screen time has exacerbated sedentary behaviour and its associated health risks, technology can also be leveraged to encourage physical activity. Society is increasingly adopting such tools, often motivated by competitive or social trends rather than explicit health-related concerns. These tools hold significant potential in fostering healthier lifestyles by encouraging physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour [1,2,3,4,5,6].
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends engaging in 150–300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity activity per week to optimise health outcomes. Adherence to these guidelines is essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis, thereby conferring both physical and mental health benefits. While physical activity is well recognised as a preventive measure, it also offers therapeutic advantages for managing chronic conditions. Regular engagement in physical activity is particularly vital for the physiological, psychological, and social development of children and adolescents, supporting maturation, enhancing cognitive function, and promoting social integration. Consequently, physical activity represents a cost-effective strategy for disease prevention and management, as well as a fundamental component of holistic human development [7,8,9,10].
Augmented reality (AR), defined as the superimposition of virtual elements onto the real world, has gained increasing prominence. As described by Furth, AR provides a real-time, direct or indirect view of a physical environment enhanced by computer-generated information. AR applications have expanded beyond entertainment into various sectors, including sports, healthcare, aviation, the automotive industry, and education, thereby redefining their respective applications [11].
Pokémon GO, a mobile game utilising AR technology, was released in July 2016 for Android and iOS platforms. Developed by Niantic and Nintendo, the game integrates GPS technology to create an interactive experience and has become one of the most widely downloaded games globally. Within its first week, Pokémon GO was installed on 28.5 million devices in the United States and achieved 750 million downloads worldwide within its first year. Inspired by the Pokémon franchise, Pokémon GO is designed to encourage physical activity, primarily walking, which is essential for game progression. Previous research has shown that Pokémon GO mainly promotes light-to-moderate intensity activity. Althoff et al. reported an average increase of approximately 1470 daily steps in the month following installation [12], while Xian et al. observed nearly 1900 additional steps per day [13]. Systematic reviews further confirm that the game’s contribution is largely limited to walking and other incidental movement rather than structured exercise [10,14]. Although Pokémon GO gained widespread popularity, other AR-based health tools, such as Zombies, Run! and Ingress, also aim to promote physical activity through gamified experiences. However, Pokémon GO’s unique appeal may lie in its integration with the established Pokémon franchise and its emphasis on collection and social interaction. According to data from https://ActivePlayer.io, as of August 2025, the game maintained a global monthly active user base of approximately 60 million, indicating sustained popularity and engagement, with a 25% growth in the number of players over the past 12 months [15,16,17].
Given the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and associated health risks, innovative strategies are essential for promoting physical activity. In the context of growing technological integration, augmented reality (AR) games such as Pokémon GO present a unique opportunity to address this challenge. This study aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by examining the impact of Pokémon GO, a widely popular AR game, on physical activity levels among adult players in Poland. Understanding the potential of such games to promote physical activity, even at low to moderate intensities, is crucial for informing public health interventions and game design strategies aimed at mitigating sedentary behaviour and reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases.

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between Pokémon GO gameplay and physical activity levels among its users in Poland. A secondary aim was to determine whether physical activity among Pokémon GO players adhered to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the correlation between time spent playing Pokémon GO and the WHO guidelines for limiting screen time.

2. Materials and Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design, recruiting a cohort of active Pokémon GO players. The sample comprised 243 individuals (112 females, 131 males), aged 16 to 59 years (mean age: 27 ± 7.0 years). Inclusion criteria required current engagement with Pokémon GO. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (resolution no. BNW/NWN/0052/KB/197/25), dated 8 July 2025. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Data collection instruments included the validated Polish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ long form), used to quantify participants’ physical activity levels [18]. A systematic meta-analysis across European cohorts confirmed the instrument’s robustness, reporting moderate test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation r_w = 0.74), concurrent validity (r_w = 0.72), and criterion validity (r_w = 0.41) for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity metrics [19]. Nevertheless, as with all self-report tools, limitations related to recall bias and potential misclassification should be acknowledged. Participants were instructed to report the activities that contributed to specific parts of the IPAQ. In part 4, as per the original instructions, they were advised not to include any activities already mentioned; however, some overlap (e.g., walking for transport versus leisure) cannot be entirely excluded.
In addition, a custom-designed survey was administered, consisting of two sections: a demographic questionnaire and a series of questions regarding sports participation and engagement with Pokémon GO. The demographic section collected data on gender, age, and self-reported overall health status. Participants were asked about their involvement in sports, including the type of activity, frequency, duration, and years of participation. The second section focused on participants’ experiences with Pokémon GO, exploring motivations for initiating gameplay, session durations, and perceived changes in physical activity levels, mood, and social interactions related to the game. Our customized questionnaire was developed through a comprehensive and rigorous review of prior research investigating Pokémon GO and health-related behaviours. Its content validity was ensured through iterative consensus among the research team experts and pilot testing for clarity and relevance.
Participants were recruited through convenience sampling via online platforms, including social media groups dedicated to Pokémon GO enthusiasts. Data were collected using a survey administered through Google Forms. The average completion time per respondent was approximately 15 min.
Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica v.13. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the distributions. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and ranges, were computed. Frequency distributions were calculated, and statistical comparisons and correlations were analysed. In the univariate analysis, dependence tests (R-Pearson, R-Spearman) and tests of significance of differences (t-Student, U-Mann–Whitney, chi-2 Pearson) were used. Statistical significance was assessed at a level of α ≤ 0.05. Given the exploratory and cross-sectional design, with most variables measured on nominal or ordinal scales and psychosocial outcomes captured by single items, the analytical strategy was limited to descriptive and bivariate methods. This approach aligns with common practices in comparable Pokémon GO studies and enables the present findings to be interpreted as hypothesis-generating for future longitudinal research with objective measures.

3. Results

The sample comprised 131 males (54%) and 112 females (46%). According to IPAQ data, approximately 68% of participants exhibited high physical activity levels, 29% engaged in moderate activity levels, and 3% demonstrated insufficient activity. Only 2.5% of respondents did not meet the WHO-recommended weekly physical activity guidelines (Table 1).
Overall, males exhibited higher levels of physical activity compared to females, with a difference of 14.5%. The most significant disparities were observed in work-related activities, where males were 27.8% more active, and in household chores, where males were 24% less active. Among males, 49.6% actively participated in sports, compared to 34.8% of females. Women commonly participated in team sports, swimming, and gym workouts, while males predominantly engaged in team sports (Table 2, Figure 1).
Additional gender-related differences were identified in the responses to specific survey items. Men were significantly more likely than women to report playing other mobile games that required outdoor physical activity. Furthermore, trespassing on private property while playing Pokémon GO was more frequently acknowledged by men compared to women, with this difference also reaching statistical significance. These results indicate behavioural divergences between genders that extend beyond overall physical activity levels (Table 3, Supplementary Material).
Over half of the respondents (53.5%) reported that their primary motivation for playing Pokémon GO was their interest in the Pokémon franchise. A substantial proportion (42.4%) started playing following their peers, while 28.4% began playing to increase their physical activity levels. Other reported motivations included social interaction (16.9%), following social trends (8.6%), interest in Pokémon games (5.3%), and curiosity (5.8%). Additional reasons cited included motivating children to be physically active, diversifying their daily routine, and personal enjoyment (Supplementary Material).
Nearly all participants (96.7%) reported engaging in Pokémon GO gameplay while walking. A majority (55.6%) also played while using public transportation, and 33.3% while operating a motor vehicle. Additional modes of gameplay included cycling, rollerblading, running, or sedentary gaming (Supplementary Material).
When asked about the impact of Pokémon GO on their physical activity, 41.6% reported that the game positively influenced their activity levels, while 39.1% noted improvements in their overall mood. Additionally, 13.2% indicated that the game enhanced their social interactions (Supplementary Material).
The game had minimal impact on participants’ motivation for work or study. A majority (86.4%) reported no effect, while 9.5% noted a decrease in motivation and 4.1% experienced an increase as a result of playing Pokémon GO (Supplementary Material).

4. Discussion

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the physical activity levels among Pokémon GO players, and this aim was successfully achieved. The findings suggest that there is a notable increase in physical activity among respondents, which may be associated with the use of the application. Specifically, 28.4% of participants reported initiating gameplay with the intention of increasing their physical activity, while 80.7% acknowledged an increase in walking frequency linked to Pokémon GO. Furthermore, 72.4% of respondents were motivated to reduce their reliance on motorised transportation when possible, opting to engage with the game en route to their destinations. Additionally, 41.6% of the surveyed population identified Pokémon GO as having the most significant impact on enhancing their physical activity compared to other aspects of their lifestyle (Supplementary Materials).
Existing literature primarily examines the relationship between Pokémon GO gameplay and physical activity, reporting varying degrees of correlation. Studies have documented increases in walking ranging from 15% to 35% [12,20,21], an increase of up to 1.5 times in MET-minutes per week [1,22], and reductions in sedentary behaviour by nearly 50% [22]. Other findings include a daily decrease of 30 min in sedentary time [23] or an increase of 1000 [24] to 2000 [13] steps per day. Notably, active Pokémon GO players demonstrated a 25% increase in walking compared to non-players during app usage [25]. However, these findings are not always consistent, and the magnitude of the effect can vary depending on the study population and methodology.
This study found that participants generally achieved high levels of physical activity, ranging from 3000 to 32,736 MET-minutes per week, regardless of gender. The wide variability in MET-minutes per week highlights differences in physical activity levels among Pokémon GO players and underscores the limitations of using self-reported data to estimate energy expenditure. Since no objective measures of physical activity, such as accelerometers, were employed, we are unable to validate these self-reported values.
The gender-related differences observed in this study are consistent with broader trends in gaming and physical activity. Men accumulated more work-related activity and reported higher engagement in other AR-based games, which may partly explain their greater overall MET values. They were also more likely to report trespassing behaviour, suggesting a higher propensity for risk-taking during gameplay. Similar findings were described by Althoff et al. [12] and Wong [25], who noted that male players tend to engage more intensely with the game and exhibit greater willingness to explore potentially unsafe environments. In contrast, women reported greater contributions from household activities and were more often engaged in individual sports such as swimming or fitness training, aligning with the cultural and social determinants of activity preferences highlighted in previous studies [21,22]. Despite these distinctions, both genders reported comparable improvements in mood and overall physical activity associated with the game, suggesting that its motivational appeal is broadly shared across groups.
In summarising the impact of Pokémon GO on physical activity, the game may serve as a potentially beneficial intervention for enhancing this critical component of health in contemporary life. Given society’s increasing reliance on mobile devices, the app may be associated with effectively promoting health benefits, primarily through low- to moderate-intensity physical activity, predominantly walking. While the reviewed studies consistently demonstrate that Pokémon GO encourages users to wander greater distances and spend extended periods walking, the long-term sustainability of these changes remains unclear. These benefits are most pronounced among previously sedentary individuals, who may experience significant health improvements such as weight loss, although this was not directly assessed in our study. Nevertheless, the findings mentioned above support the assertion that Pokémon GO can effectively increase the physical activity of its users [1,12,13,14,21,23,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45].
A review of the literature indicates that motivation to play Pokémon GO tends to diminish over time. This phenomenon is reflected in a decrease in the number of steps taken after a few weeks compared to initial engagement, as well as shorter gameplay sessions. One possible explanation for this decline is the infrequent updates and limited variety in the app shortly after its launch. However, the current version of Pokémon GO includes numerous innovations and regular weekly and monthly events that help sustain user interest [24,30]. Our cross-sectional design does not allow us to assess the long-term sustainability of Pokémon GO engagement or its impact on physical activity over time. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine these trends.
A primary objective of this publication was to identify additional health benefits potentially associated with playing Pokémon GO. Both the literature review and survey results suggest that the game positively influences players’ life satisfaction, emotional well-being, and social relationships. However, it is important to note that our outcomes were assessed using single-item questions within a cross-sectional survey, which limits our ability to draw definitive conclusions about causality or the magnitude of these effects. The social potential of the game is evidenced by its capacity to facilitate social interactions among players. This was particularly evident after the June 2017 update, which introduced gameplay elements such as raids. These cooperative events require a specific number of participants to collectively defeat a powerful in-game boss, encouraging players to interact and form groups. As a result, players often expand their social circles and become more sociable, strengthening ties with local communities. Compared to non-players, Pokémon GO users reported reduced negative emotions and stress, which they attributed as reasons for continuing their engagement with the game. Research also suggests that spending time outdoors in green spaces can further alleviate stress [20,22,45,46,47,48,49,50,51]. However, it is important to note that our study did not directly compare Pokémon GO players to a control group of non-players, so we cannot definitively attribute these benefits to the game itself.
Key positive effects of Pokémon GO include enhanced social belonging and improvements in symptoms of depression and anxiety, with greater benefits observed among individuals with higher initial levels of these conditions [52,53,54,55,56,57]. However, these findings are based on correlational studies; therefore, further research using more rigorous methodologies is necessary to better understand these relationships.
A secondary objective of this study raised concerns about screen time associated with Pokémon GO. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum of two hours of daily screen exposure. However, the results of this study indicate a roughly equal split between those who adhered to and those who exceeded this limit (Table 1). Notably, time spent playing Pokémon GO does not account for additional phone usage, which may further exacerbate excessive screen time. The literature reports similarly concerning findings, including median playtimes of 2 h per day [13], averages of 3 h per day over five days a week [58], and as much as 4.9 h daily [59]. Given the potential risks, promoting responsible gaming habits is crucial. Game developers could incorporate features such as in-app time caps or reminders to take breaks. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term effects of excessive screen time on both physical and mental health, as well as to develop strategies for encouraging responsible gaming habits.
Studies also reveal significant risks of gaming addiction. For example, Mejia et al. found that 49% of surveyed adolescents (ages 13–16) played Pokémon GO for more than 2 h daily, with 44% exhibiting internet addiction and 23% showing signs of video game addiction. Players who spent more time on Pokémon GO were more likely to experience addiction symptoms, including adverse parental reactions and increased tardiness [60]. A total of 27.2% of participants in our study reported sacrificing sleep to play the game, aligning with literature estimates of 37.8% [27]. Furthermore, 20.6% of respondents considered themselves addicted to the game, meeting criteria defined by tools such as the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) [61,62]. Behavioural tendencies, such as gaming while walking, were identified as risk factors for habitual and addictive use, especially among younger players [63]. These findings highlight the potential for Pokémon GO to contribute to addictive behaviours, particularly among vulnerable populations. Players must be aware of these risks and take steps to prevent excessive gaming, such as setting time limits for gameplay and prioritising sleep. Future research should investigate the factors that contribute to Pokémon GO addiction and develop interventions to address this issue.
Ashar et al. corroborate these findings, reporting symptoms such as preoccupation with the game, frustration when not playing, and neglect of other activities. They also observed high levels of anxiety (66%) and depression (38%) among players [64]. Kaczmarek highlights the game’s reliance on conditional reward systems, which may stimulate dopamine release similar to gambling, potentially fostering compulsive behaviours [65]. These studies provide further evidence of the potential negative psychological consequences associated with excessive Pokémon GO use. Game developers and public health officials should consider these risks when designing and promoting AR games to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
Pokémon GO also raises safety concerns, particularly when players become overly immersed in the game. In total, 81.5% of respondents in this study did not report pain or discomfort; however, minor injuries have been linked to excessive physical activity performed without ergonomic considerations. Serious risks arise when players lose situational awareness, leading to accidents such as falls, collisions, and traffic incidents. Instances of distracted driving and pedestrian behaviours have been documented, with “smombies” (smartphone zombies) identified as a growing hazard [4,65,66]. The potential for accidents and injuries underscores the importance of promoting safe gaming practices and raising awareness of the risks associated with distracted gameplay. Game developers could incorporate features to enhance situational awareness and prevent players from entering hazardous environments. To further mitigate these risks, geo-fencing could be implemented to restrict gameplay in dangerous areas, such as roadways or bodies of water. Relying solely on warnings during game loading or when exceeding speeds of approximately 30 km/h may prove insufficient.
The potential of Pokémon GO to enhance physical activity levels remains complex. The health benefits of the game are largely incidental—supporting a phenomenon termed “stealth health”—although Pokémon GO was not explicitly designed as a health application, it has influenced players’ health behaviours [14,34]. Literature suggests that younger players tend to lose interest more quickly than older players, failing to sustain increased activity levels [26,40,48,67,68]. Studies also indicate that gameplay intensity is relatively low, with players often stopping to achieve in-game goals [69]. Furthermore, interventions reviewed by Baranowski were insufficient to prevent lifestyle-related diseases [70]. Therefore, while Pokémon GO may offer some benefits for physical activity and well-being, it should not be regarded as a panacea or a substitute for structured exercise or other evidence-based interventions. A balanced approach that incorporates active gaming alongside other forms of physical activity is likely to be most effective for promoting long-term health.

Limitations

Our study, despite yielding interesting results and offering a broad analytical scope, has several significant limitations that should be considered when interpreting the data and designing future research in this area. One such limitation is the cross-sectional nature of the study, which makes it impossible to establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship between playing Pokémon GO and changes in physical activity levels. It cannot be ruled out that individuals who were already physically active were more inclined to start using the application. Another limitation is the absence of a control group consisting of non-players, which restricts the ability to directly compare the impact of the application with general health and behavioural trends in the broader population. Furthermore, our reliance on self-reported data, collected through the IPAQ-long form (known to over- or underestimate activity) and a custom-designed questionnaire (based on single-item questions), may have introduced bias due to recall errors, social desirability, and differing interpretations of the questions. As the study relied exclusively on questionnaires, the accuracy of the reported physical activity levels and psychosocial outcomes is inherently limited, and objective measures such as accelerometers or validated multi-item scales would have provided stronger validity. Despite these limitations, we believe that our study provides valuable insights into the potential impact of Pokémon GO on physical activity and well-being. However, future research should address these limitations by incorporating more objective measures and rigorous study designs.

5. Conclusions

In summary, despite certain risks and limitations, Pokémon GO may serve as a potentially useful adjunct in promoting physical activity—and modestly increasing physical activity levels—and in enhancing mental well-being by reducing stress and fostering social connections, particularly among previously inactive individuals. These findings should be interpreted with caution, as they are based on cross-sectional, self-reported data and therefore cannot establish causality. Rather, they highlight associative patterns that warrant further investigation. While the game may offer incidental health benefits, it also poses risks such as screen overuse, sleep disruption, and physical injury, underscoring the need for moderation and awareness. Considering the limitations outlined above, future studies should employ more diverse and longitudinal research methods, including control groups and objective measurements, to obtain more precise and reliable results. To confirm these preliminary associations, there is a pressing need for long-term studies and interventions to evaluate sustained effects on physical activity, especially within European contexts. Future research should also focus on developing guidelines for the safe and balanced use of AR games to maximise their potential benefits while minimising associated risks.

Supplementary Materials

The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/healthcare13182334/s1, Supplementary Materials: Custom survey.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.G. and A.B.; methodology, M.G. and A.B.; software, M.G.; validation, M.G. and T.K.; formal analysis, M.G., T.K., W.L. and A.B.; investigation, M.G.; resources, M.G.; data curation, M.G. and A.B.; writing—original draft preparation, M.G. and T.K.; writing—review and editing, M.G., W.L. and A.B.; visualization, M.G.; supervision, W.L. and A.B.; project administration, M.G.; funding acquisition, M.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice under resolution no. BNW/NWN/0052/KB/197/25, date 8 July 2025.

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained online, with participants reviewing the study’s purpose, objectives, potential risks, and benefits before proceeding. To ensure anonymity and confidentiality, no identifiable information was collected.

Data Availability Statement

The data are stored by the first author in the records of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

  1. Jumareng, H.; Setiawan, E.; Németh, Z. Augmented Pokemon Go in Times of Covid-19: Does it Have any Effect on Promoting Teenagers’ Physical Activity? Phys. Educ. Theory Methodol. 2022, 22, 360–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Yan, Z.; Finn, K.; Breton, K. Does it Promote Physical Activity? College Students’ Perceptions of Pokémon Go. Montenegrin J. Sports Sci. Med. 2020, 9, 5–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Nadobnik, J. Promote Outdoor Activities with Selected Mobile Devices and Applications. Sport Tour. Cent. Eur. J. 2019, 17, 145–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Motyka, M.A. The smombie generation: Characteristics and typology. Soc. Space 2018, 15, 169–200. [Google Scholar]
  5. Dejnaka, A. Aplikacje m-health i ich zastosowanie. Ekon. Wrocl. Econ. Rev. 2017, 23, 261–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  6. Piotrowicz, E.; Piepoli, M.F.; Jaarsma, T.; Lambrinou, E.; Coats, A.J.S.; Schmid, J.-P.; Corrà, U.; Agostoni, P.; Dickstein, K.; Seferović, P.M.; et al. Telerehabilitation in heart failure patients: The evidence and the pitfalls. Int. J. Cardiol. 2016, 220, 408–413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
  8. Baranowski, T. Increasing physical activity among children and adolescents: Innovative ideas needed. J. Sport Health Sci. 2019, 8, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  9. Dietz, W.H.; Douglas, C.E.; Brownson, R.C. Chronic Disease Prevention: Tobacco Avoidance, Physical Activity, and Nutrition for a Healthy Start. JAMA 2016, 316, 1645–1646. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Lee, J.E.; Zeng, N.; Oh, Y.; Lee, D.; Gao, Z. Effects of Pokemon GO on Physical Activity and Psychological and Social Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Carmigniani, J.; Furht, B. Augmented Reality: An Overview. In Handbook of Augmented Reality; Furht, B., Ed.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2011; pp. 3–46. [Google Scholar]
  12. Althoff, T.; White, R.W.; Horvitz, E. Influence of Pokemon Go on Physical Activity: Study and Implications. J. Med. Internet Res. 2016, 18, e315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Xian, Y.; Xu, H.; Xu, H.; Liang, L.; Hernandez, A.F.; Wang, T.Y.; Peterson, E.D. An Initial Evaluation of the Impact of Pokemon GO on Physical Activity. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2017, 6, e005341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  14. Khamzina, M.; Parab, K.V.; An, R.; Bullard, T.; Grigsby-Toussaint, D.S. Impact of Pokemon Go on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2020, 58, 270–282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Alha, K.; Koskinen, E.; Paavilainen, J.; Hamari, J. Why do people play location-based augmented reality games: A study on Pokémon GO. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2019, 93, 114–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  16. Kimic, K.; Maksymiukz, G.; Suchocka, M. The application of new technologies in promoting a healthy lifestyle: Selected examples. Bull. Geogr. Socio Econ. Ser. 2019, 43, 121–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. ActivePlayer.io. Pokémon GO Revenue, Usage, & Download Estimates. 2024. Available online: https://activeplayer.io/pokemon-go/ (accessed on 3 September 2025).
  18. Biernat, E.; Stupnicki, R.; Gajewski, A.K. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)—Polish version. Phys. Educ. Sport 2007, 51, 47–54. [Google Scholar]
  19. Sember, V.; Meh, K.; Sorić, M.; Starc, G.; Rocha, P.; Jurak, G. Validity and Reliability of International Physical Activity Questionnaires for Adults across EU Countries: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Marquet, O.; Alberico, C.; Adlakha, D.; Hipp, J.A. Examining Motivations to Play Pokemon GO and Their Influence on Perceived Outcomes and Physical Activity. JMIR Serious Games 2017, 5, e21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  21. Ma, B.D.; Ng, S.L.; Schwanen, T.; Zacharias, J.; Zhou, M.; Kawachi, I.; Sun, G. Pokemon GO and Physical Activity in Asia: Multilevel Study. J. Med. Internet Res. 2018, 20, e217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  22. Wattanapisit, A.; Saengow, U.; Ng, C.J.; Thanamee, S.; Kaewruang, N. Gaming behaviour with Pokemon GO and physical activity: A preliminary study with medical students in Thailand. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0199813. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  23. Nigg, C.R.; Mateo, D.J.; An, J. Pokemon GO May Increase Physical Activity and Decrease Sedentary Behaviors. Am. J. Public Health 2017, 107, 37–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  24. Howe, K.B.; Suharlim, C.; Ueda, P.; Howe, D.; Kawachi, I.; Rimm, E.B. Gotta catch’em all! Pokemon GO and physical activity among young adults: Difference in differences study. BMJ 2016, 355, i6270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  25. Wong, F.Y. Influence of Pokemon Go on physical activity levels of university players: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Health Geogr. 2017, 16, 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Broom, D.R.; Flint, S.W. Gotta Catch 'Em All: Impact of Pokemon Go on Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Perceptions of Physical Activity and Health at Baseline and Three-Month Follow-Up. Games Health J. 2018, 7, 401–408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  27. Wagner-Greene, V.R.; Wotring, A.J.; Castor, T.; Kruger, J.; Mortemore, S.; Dake, J.A. Pokemon GO: Healthy or Harmful? Am. J. Public Health 2017, 107, 35–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  28. Fountaine, C.J.; Springer, E.J.; Sward, J.R. A Descriptive Study of Objectively Measured Pokemon GO Playtime in College Students. Int. J. Exerc. Sci. 2018, 11, 526–532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  29. Kogan, L.; Hellyer, P.; Duncan, C.; Schoenfeld-Tacher, R. A pilot investigation of the physical and psychological benefits of playing Pokémon GO for dog owners. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2017, 76, 431–437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. Liu, W.; Ligmann-Zielinska, A. A Pilot Study of Pokemon Go and Players’ Physical Activity. Games Health J. 2017, 6, 343–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Madrigal-Pana, J.; Gómez-Figueroa, J.; Moncada-Jiménez, J. Adult Perception Toward Videogames and Physical Activity Using Pokémon Go. Games Health J. 2018, 8, 227–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  32. Wang, S.D.; Dzubur, E.; Naya, C.H.; Mason, T.B.; Dunton, G.F. Dyadic Effects of Pokemon GO on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Mothers and Children. Int. J. Exerc. Sci. 2022, 15, 142–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  33. Martínez-López, E.J.; López-Serrano, S.; De La Torre-Cruz, M.; Ruiz-Ariza, A. Effects of the augmented reality game Pokémon GO on fitness and fatness in secondary school students. Health Educ. J. 2021, 81, 54–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  34. Militello, L.K.; Hanna, N.; Nigg, C.R. Pokemon GO Within the Context of Family Health: Retrospective Study. JMIR Pediatr. Parent. 2018, 1, e10679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  35. Lindqvist, A.K.; Castelli, D.; Hallberg, J.; Rutberg, S. The Praise and Price of Pokemon GO: A Qualitative Study of Children’s and Parents’ Experiences. JMIR Serious Games 2018, 6, e1. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  36. Caci, B.; Scrima, F.; Tabacchi, M.E.; Cardaci, M. The Reciprocal Influences among Motivation, Personality Traits, and Game Habits for Playing Pokémon GO. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2019, 35, 1303–1311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  37. Zsila, Á.; Orosz, G.; Bőthe, B.; Tóth-Király, I.; Király, O.; Griffiths, M.; Demetrovics, Z. An empirical study on the motivations underlying augmented reality games: The case of Pokémon Go during and after Pokémon fever. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2018, 133, 56–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  38. Rauschnabel, P.A.; Rossmann, A.; tom Dieck, M.C. An adoption framework for mobile augmented reality games: The case of Pokémon Go. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2017, 76, 276–286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  39. LeBlanc, A.G.; Chaput, J.P. Pokemon Go: A game changer for the physical inactivity crisis? Prev. Med. 2017, 101, 235–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  40. Hino, K.; Asami, Y.; Lee, J.S. Step Counts of Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults for 10 Months Before and After the Release of Pokemon GO in Yokohama, Japan. J. Med. Internet Res. 2019, 21, e10724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  41. Ni, M.Y.; Hui, R.W.H.; Li, T.K.; Tam, A.H.M.; Choy, L.L.Y.; Ma, K.K.W.; Cheung, F.; Leung, G.M. Augmented Reality Games as a New Class of Physical Activity Interventions? The Impact of Pokémon Go Use and Gaming Intensity on Physical Activity. Games Health J. 2019, 8, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  42. McCartney, M. Margaret McCartney: Game on for Pokémon Go. BMJ 2016, 354, i4306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  43. Tateno, M.; Skokauskas, N.; Kato, T.A.; Teo, A.R.; Guerrero, A.P.S. New game software (Pokémon Go) may help youth with severe social withdrawal, hikikomori. Psychiatry Res. 2016, 246, 848–849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  44. Piqueras-Sola, B.; Cortes-Martin, J.; Rodriguez-Blanque, R.; Menor-Rodriguez, M.J.; Mellado-Garcia, E.; Merino Lobato, C.; Sanchez-Garcia, J.C. Systematic Review on the Impact of Mobile Applications with Augmented Reality to Improve Health. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  45. Liang, H.; Wang, X.; An, R. Influence of Pokémon GO on Physical Activity and Psychosocial Well-Being in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review. J. Med. Internet Res. 2023, 25, e49019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  46. Serino, M.; Cordrey, K.; McLaughlin, L.; Milanaik, R.L. Pokemon Go and augmented virtual reality games: A cautionary commentary for parents and pediatricians. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2016, 28, 673–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  47. Watanabe, K.; Kawakami, N.; Imamura, K.; Inoue, A.; Shimazu, A.; Yoshikawa, T.; Hiro, H.; Asai, Y.; Odagiri, Y.; Yoshikawa, E.; et al. Pokemon GO and psychological distress, physical complaints, and work performance among adult workers: A retrospective cohort study. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 10758. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  48. Kamel Boulos, M.N.; Lu, Z.; Guerrero, P.; Jennett, C.; Steed, A. From urban planning and emergency training to Pokemon Go: Applications of virtual reality GIS (VRGIS) and augmented reality GIS (ARGIS) in personal, public and environmental health. Int. J. Health Geogr. 2017, 16, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. Ayers, J.W.; Leas, E.C.; Dredze, M.; Allem, J.P.; Grabowski, J.G.; Hill, L. Pokemon GO-A New Distraction for Drivers and Pedestrians. JAMA Intern. Med. 2016, 176, 1865–1866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  50. Sawano, T.; Ozaki, A.; Shimada, Y.; Leppold, C.; Tsubokura, M.; Tsukada, M.; Kami, M.; Ohira, H. Pokemon GO & driving. QJM 2017, 110, 311–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  51. Raj, M.A.; Karlin, A.; Backstrom, Z.K. Pokemon GO: Imaginary Creatures, Tangible Risks. Clin. Pediatr. 2016, 55, 1195–1196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  52. Cheng, Z.; Greenwood, B.N.; Pavlou, P.A. Location-Based Mobile Gaming and Local Depression Trends: A Study of Pokémon Go. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 2022, 39, 68–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  53. Bonus, J.A.; Peebles, A.; Mares, M.-L.; Sarmiento, I.G. Look on the Bright Side (of Media Effects): Pokémon Go as a Catalyst for Positive Life Experiences. Media Psychol. 2018, 21, 263–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  54. Wang, A.I. Systematic literature review on health effects of playing Pokémon Go. Entertain. Comput. 2021, 38, 100411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  55. Vella, K.; Johnson, D.; Cheng, V.W.S.; Davenport, T.; Mitchell, J.; Klarkowski, M.; Phillips, C. A Sense of Belonging: Pokémon GO and Social Connectedness. Games Cult. 2017, 14, 583–603. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  56. Amati, V.; Meggiolaro, S.; Rivellini, G.; Zaccarin, S. Social relations and life satisfaction: The role of friends. Genus 2018, 74, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  57. Wingenbach, T.S.H.; Zana, Y. Playing Pokemon Go: Increased Life Satisfaction Through More (Positive) Social Interactions. Front. Sports Act. Living 2022, 4, 903848. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  58. Thongmak, M. Determinants of intention to play Pokemon Go. Heliyon 2020, 6, e03895. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  59. Yip, Y.C.; Yip, K.H.; Tsui, W.K. Young Adults’ Perspectives on the Implications of an Augmented Reality Mobile Game for Communities’ Public Health: A Qualitative Study. Int. J. Public Health 2023, 68, 1605630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  60. Mejia, C.R.; Mena, L.S.; Mogollón, C.A.; Figueroa-Romero, R.; Hernández-Calderón, E.N.; Aguilar-Fernández, A.M.; Chacon, J.I.; Miñan-Tapia, A.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Hernández-Arriaga, G. Compulsive gaming in secondary school students from five Peruvian cities: Usage and addiction to the Pokémon GO game. Electron. J. Gen. Med. 2019, 16, em14664. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  61. Kwon, M.; Lee, J.-Y.; Won, W.-Y.; Park, J.-W.; Min, J.-A.; Hahn, C.; Gu, X.; Choi, J.-H.; Kim, D.-J. Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e56936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  62. Lin, Y.-H.; Chiang, C.-L.; Lin, P.-H.; Chang, L.-R.; Ko, C.-H.; Lee, Y.-H.; Lin, S.-H. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Smartphone Addiction. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0163010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  63. Koh, H.E.; Oh, J.; Mackert, M. Predictors of Playing Augmented Reality Mobile Games While Walking Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: Web-Based Survey. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017, 5, e191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  64. Ashar, M.; Thaliath, L.; Sali, K.; Chaudhury, S.; Jagtap, B.L.; Patil, A.A.; Devabhaktuni, S. Correlates of excessive Pokemon Go playing among medical students. Ind. Psychiatry J. 2019, 61, 301–305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  65. Kaczmarek, L.D.; Behnke, M.; Dzon, M. Eye problems and musculoskeletal pain in Pokemon Go players. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 19315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  66. Belyea, C.M.; Rummel, G.; Lanham, N.; Krul, K.P. Upper Extremity and Musculoskeletal Injuries Related to Videogame and Augmented Reality Game Usage: A Narrative Review Article. Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med. 2025, 18, 201–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  67. Ponce-Ramírez, C.M.; Mateo-Orcajada, A.; Abenza-Cano, L.; Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. Assessment of Step Tracker Mobile Applications for the Promotion of Physical Activity by Adolescents Based on Their Weight Status. Int. J. Telemed. Appl. 2024, 2024, 8038334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  68. Gómez-Cuesta, N.; Mateo-Orcajada, A.; Meroño, L.; Abenza-Cano, L.; Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. Adolescents’ Assessment of Several Step Tracker Mobile Applications Based on Their Previous Level of Physical Activity. Children 2025, 12, 554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  69. Beach, C.; Billstrom, G.; Anderson Steeves, E.T.; Flynn, J.I.; Steeves, J.A. The Physical Activity Patterns of Greenway Users Playing Pokémon Go: A Natural Experiment. Games Health J. 2018, 8, 7–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  70. Baranowski, T.; Lyons, E.J. Scoping Review of Pokemon Go: Comprehensive Assessment of Augmented Reality for Physical Activity Change. Games Health J. 2020, 9, 71–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Healthcare 13 02334 g001
Figure 1. Gender differences in IPAQ-long version domains.
Figure 1. Gender differences in IPAQ-long version domains.
Healthcare 13 02334 g001
Table 1. Demographics, activity levels and screen time while playing Pokémon GO.
Table 1. Demographics, activity levels and screen time while playing Pokémon GO.
VariablesWomen [n = 112 (100%)]Men [n = 131 (100%)]
Age (years)<219 (8%)17 (13%)
21–4094 (84%)109 (83%)
40<9 (8%)5 (4%)
Habitationvillage7 (6%)13 (10%)
city, <50,000 inhabitants7 (6%)10 (7.5%)
city, 50–100,000 inhabitants13 (12%)10 (7.5%)
city, 101–200,000 inhabitants19 (17%)20 (15%)
city, >200,000 inhabitants66 (59%)78 (60%)
Educationprimary0 (0%)0 (0%)
lower secondary5 (4.5%)8 (6%)
technical3 (2.5%)3 (2%)
secondary33 (29.5%)43 (33%)
higher71 (63.5%)77 (59%)
Occupationstudent40 (36%)40 (30.5%)
unemployed6 (5%)5 (4%)
working65 (58%)86 (65.5%)
retired1 (1%)0 (0%)
Health self-assessmentvery weak2 (2%)0 (0%)
weak5 (4.5%)11 (8%)
average35 (31%)39 (30%)
good60 (53.5%)60 (46%)
very good10 (9%)21 (16%)
IPAQ levellow3 (3%)5 (4%)
moderate36 (32%) 34 (26%)
high73 (65%)92 (70%)
WHO–activity levelmeet criteria109 (97.5%)128 (97.5%)
does not meet criteria3 (2.5%)3 (2.5%)
WHO–screen time (playing Pokémon GO)less than 2 h55 (49%)61 (46.5%)
2 h or more57 (51%)70 (53.5%)
Table 2. IPAQ-long version–detailed numbers.
Table 2. IPAQ-long version–detailed numbers.
IPAQ DomainWomenMent-Student’s Test
Average ± SDRangeAverage ± SDRange
Job-related [MET-min/week]2594.25 (±4047.59)0–19,5723317.19 (±5660.55)0–27,1201.156
Housework [MET-min/week]1102.61 (±1688.92)0–11,130838.32 (±1218.11)0–8190−1.378
Transportation [MET-min/week]1229.28 (±1130.87)0–69301384.84 (±1435.87)0–13,7160.944
Leisure time [MET-min/week]1236.43 (±1297.24)0–58111517.71 (±1823.08)0–13,1461.399
Total time sitting [min/week]2803.21 (±1075.69)540–58802760.92 (±1329.92)405–6720−0.274
Average time sitting [min/day]400.46 (±153.67)77.14–840394.42 (±189.99)57.86–960−0.274
Total score [MET-min/week]6162.57 (±5451.76)264–28,3867058.06 (±7038.81)148.5–32,7361.116
Total score [MET-min/day]880.37 (±778.82)37.71–4055.141008.29 (±1005.56)21.21–4676.571.116
Table 3. Important diverse aspects of playing Pokémon GO.
Table 3. Important diverse aspects of playing Pokémon GO.
QuestionAnswerWomenMenTest for Population Proportion
n = 112100%n = 131100%
Do you believe you spend a lot of time playing Pokémon GO?yes4338.5%5844%0.42
no6961.5%7356%0.58
Do you play any other mobile game that requires outdoor physical activity?yes65%2015%0.11 *
no10695%11185%0.89 *
Do you walk more because of playing
Pokémon GO?		yes9080%10681%0.81
no43.5%54%0.04
Do you use public or private transportation less often if you have the time and opportunity to play Pokémon GO “on the way” to your destination?yes8273%9472%0.72
no3027%3728%0.28
Have you met new friends thanks to playing Pokémon GO?yes8576%10076%0.76
no2724%3124%0.24
Are your social relationships more diverse because of playing Pokémon GO?yes7062.5%7960%0.61
no4237.5%5240%0.39
Have you ever given up any physical activity in favour of Pokémon GO?yes22%86%0.04
no11098%12394%0.96
Have you ever felt fatigued because of playing Pokémon GO?yes2724%4131%0.28
no6053.5%5945%0.49
Have you ever felt relaxed thanks to playing Pokémon GO?yes8475%9069%0.72
no87%118.5%0.08
Have you ever knowingly trespassed on private property while playing Pokémon GO?yes87%2620%0.14 *
no10493%10580%0.86 *
Have you ever sacrificed sleep because of playing Pokémon GO?yes3027%3627.5%0.27
no8273%9572.5%0.73
Have you ever found yourself in a health-threatening situation due to inattention caused by playing Pokémon GO?yes1513.5%1914.5%0.14
no9786.5%11285.5%0.86
Do you believe you are addicted to playing Pokémon GO?yes1715%3325%0.21
no9585%9875%0.79
* α ≤ 0.05 for the Test for population proportion.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Giller, M.; Kowal, T.; Likus, W.; Brzęk, A. Pokémon GO, Went, Gone…—Physical Activity Level, Health Behaviours, and Mental Well-Being of Game Users: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare 2025, 13, 2334. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182334

AMA Style

Giller M, Kowal T, Likus W, Brzęk A. Pokémon GO, Went, Gone…—Physical Activity Level, Health Behaviours, and Mental Well-Being of Game Users: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2025; 13(18):2334. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182334

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giller, Michał, Tomasz Kowal, Wirginia Likus, and Anna Brzęk. 2025. "Pokémon GO, Went, Gone…—Physical Activity Level, Health Behaviours, and Mental Well-Being of Game Users: A Cross-Sectional Study" Healthcare 13, no. 18: 2334. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182334

APA Style

Giller, M., Kowal, T., Likus, W., & Brzęk, A. (2025). Pokémon GO, Went, Gone…—Physical Activity Level, Health Behaviours, and Mental Well-Being of Game Users: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 13(18), 2334. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182334

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop