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Article

Association between Compliance with COVID-19 Restrictions and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Poland

by
Karolina Hoffmann
1,*,
Michał Michalak
2,
Aleksandra Bońka
3,
Wiesław Bryl
1,
Wojciech Myśliński
4,
Magdalena Kostrzewska
5,
Dorota Kopciuch
2,
Tomasz Zaprutko
2,
Piotr Ratajczak
2,
Elżbieta Nowakowska
6,
Krzysztof Kus
2 and
Anna Paczkowska
2
1
Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
2
Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
3
Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
4
Department of Internal Disease, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
5
Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
6
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2023, 11(6), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060914
Submission received: 11 February 2023 / Revised: 10 March 2023 / Accepted: 20 March 2023 / Published: 22 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost, Economics and Databases of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Public Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic it has become very important to comply with preventive measures. We aimed to assess compliance with applicable restrictions and to explore the links between the level of compliance and the risk of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study included Polish adults who were asked to complete a validated questionnaire. The study period was from 1 November 2020 to 31 January 2021 and a computer-assisted web interview method was chosen to perform the survey. The study involved 562 women and 539 men. COVID-19 was reported in 11.26% of participants. A good level of compliance with the sanitary restrictions was reported for 38.87% of participants, an average level of compliance for 47.96%, and a low level of compliance for 13.17%. A reduced risk of COVID-19 was associated with the following preventive measures: regular use of protective masks, social and physical distancing in public places, regular use of hand sanitizers with high ethanol content, and the use of disposable gloves in public places. Our survey revealed satisfactory public compliance with the pandemic restrictions. Sanitary and epidemiologic measures to prevent the pandemic were shown to be adequate and effective.
Keywords: compliance; COVID-19; personal protective equipment; physical distancing; restrictions compliance; COVID-19; personal protective equipment; physical distancing; restrictions

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hoffmann, K.; Michalak, M.; Bońka, A.; Bryl, W.; Myśliński, W.; Kostrzewska, M.; Kopciuch, D.; Zaprutko, T.; Ratajczak, P.; Nowakowska, E.; et al. Association between Compliance with COVID-19 Restrictions and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Poland. Healthcare 2023, 11, 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060914

AMA Style

Hoffmann K, Michalak M, Bońka A, Bryl W, Myśliński W, Kostrzewska M, Kopciuch D, Zaprutko T, Ratajczak P, Nowakowska E, et al. Association between Compliance with COVID-19 Restrictions and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Poland. Healthcare. 2023; 11(6):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060914

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hoffmann, Karolina, Michał Michalak, Aleksandra Bońka, Wiesław Bryl, Wojciech Myśliński, Magdalena Kostrzewska, Dorota Kopciuch, Tomasz Zaprutko, Piotr Ratajczak, Elżbieta Nowakowska, and et al. 2023. "Association between Compliance with COVID-19 Restrictions and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Poland" Healthcare 11, no. 6: 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060914

APA Style

Hoffmann, K., Michalak, M., Bońka, A., Bryl, W., Myśliński, W., Kostrzewska, M., Kopciuch, D., Zaprutko, T., Ratajczak, P., Nowakowska, E., Kus, K., & Paczkowska, A. (2023). Association between Compliance with COVID-19 Restrictions and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Poland. Healthcare, 11(6), 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060914

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