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Article

Distinct Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Hospitalized Adults with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Occurring during the Omicron Variant Surge

by
Jianli Niu
1,*,
Myeongji Kim
2,
Ayesha T. Jalal
2,
Jessica E. Goldberg
2,
Elsa M. Acevedo Martinez
2,
Nathalie P. Suarez Moscoso
2,
Heysu Rubio-Gomez
3,
Daniel Mayer
4,
Alvaro Visbal
4,
Candice Sareli
1,
Paula A. Eckardt
3 and
Aharon E. Sareli
4,*
1
Office of Human Research, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA
3
Division of Infectious Disease, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA
4
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2023, 11(12), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121703
Submission received: 26 April 2023 / Revised: 5 June 2023 / Accepted: 8 June 2023 / Published: 10 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection COVID-19: Impact on Public Health and Healthcare)
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Abstract

The COVID-19 Omicron variant has imposed a tremendous burden on healthcare services. We characterized the types of the Omicron variant-associated hospitalizations and their associations with clinical outcomes. Consecutive adults hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron variant surge period of 1–14 January 2022, were classified into one of three groups based on their clinical presentations on admission: Group 1—primary COVID-19; Group 2—extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19; and Group 3—incidental COVID-19. Of the 500 patients who were hospitalized, 51.4% fell into Group 1, 16.4% into Group 2, and 32.2% into Group 3. The patients in Groups 1 and 2 were older, with higher proportions of comorbidities than patients in Group 3. The Group 1 patients had the highest mortality rate (15.6%), followed by Group 2 (8.5%), and Group 3 (0.6%), with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 22.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.75–239.46; p = 0.004) and 10.95 (95% CI, 1.02–117.28; p = 0.048), respectively, compared to Group 3. Those in Group 1 showed a greater utilization of intensive care services (15.9%), followed by Group 2 (10.9%), and Group 3 (2.5%), with adjusted ORs of 7.95 (95% CI, 2.52–25.08; p < 0.001) and 5.07 (95% CI, 1.34–19.15; p = 0.017), respectively, compared to Group 3. The patients in Groups 1 and 2 had longer hospitalization stays than the patients in Group 3 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Older age (≥65 years) was an independent factor associated with longer hospital stays (OR = 1.72, 95% CI, 1.07–2.77). These findings can help hospitals prioritize patient care and service planning for future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Keywords: COVID-19; Omicron variant; hospitalizations; incidental COVID-19; in-hospital mortality; intensive care services COVID-19; Omicron variant; hospitalizations; incidental COVID-19; in-hospital mortality; intensive care services

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MDPI and ACS Style

Niu, J.; Kim, M.; Jalal, A.T.; Goldberg, J.E.; Acevedo Martinez, E.M.; Suarez Moscoso, N.P.; Rubio-Gomez, H.; Mayer, D.; Visbal, A.; Sareli, C.; et al. Distinct Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Hospitalized Adults with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Occurring during the Omicron Variant Surge. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121703

AMA Style

Niu J, Kim M, Jalal AT, Goldberg JE, Acevedo Martinez EM, Suarez Moscoso NP, Rubio-Gomez H, Mayer D, Visbal A, Sareli C, et al. Distinct Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Hospitalized Adults with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Occurring during the Omicron Variant Surge. Healthcare. 2023; 11(12):1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121703

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niu, Jianli, Myeongji Kim, Ayesha T. Jalal, Jessica E. Goldberg, Elsa M. Acevedo Martinez, Nathalie P. Suarez Moscoso, Heysu Rubio-Gomez, Daniel Mayer, Alvaro Visbal, Candice Sareli, and et al. 2023. "Distinct Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Hospitalized Adults with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Occurring during the Omicron Variant Surge" Healthcare 11, no. 12: 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121703

APA Style

Niu, J., Kim, M., Jalal, A. T., Goldberg, J. E., Acevedo Martinez, E. M., Suarez Moscoso, N. P., Rubio-Gomez, H., Mayer, D., Visbal, A., Sareli, C., Eckardt, P. A., & Sareli, A. E. (2023). Distinct Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Hospitalized Adults with the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Occurring during the Omicron Variant Surge. Healthcare, 11(12), 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121703

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