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Volume 10
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10.3390/healthcare10122575
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Article

Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Adult COVID-19 Patients of Diverse Ethnicities

by
Wael Hafez
1,2,*,
Mahmoud Abdelshakor
1,
Samy Kishk
1,
Amr Gebril
1,
Muneir Gador
1,
Sana Osman
1,
Hesham Mohamed Abuelsaoud
1 and
Ahmed Abdelrahman
1,3
1
NMC Royal Hospital, 16th Street, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi P.O. BOX 764659, United Arab Emirates
2
The Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Center, El Buhouth Street, Ad Doqi, Cairo 12622, Egypt
3
The Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2575; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122575
Submission received: 10 November 2022 / Revised: 4 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 December 2022 / Published: 19 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic One Health Approach in Global Health and Clinical Medicine)
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Abstract

(1) Background: Body mass index (BMI) was observed to affect COVID-19 outcomes; however, the complete spectrum of clinical outcomes concerning BMI remains unexplored. The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between BMI and the severity and mortality of COVID-19, as well as ICU admission, radiological findings, clinical presentation, and time to viral clearance. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included 1796 multiethnic patients with COVID-19 treated at NMC Royal Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE. (3) Results: COVID-19’s adjusted odds of severity increased by 3.7- and 21.5-fold in classes I and III, respectively (p = 0.001). The odds of mortality were not significantly different after adjustment for age, sex, and race. The adjusted odds of ICU admission increased significantly by 3-fold and non-significantly by 4-fold in obesity classes I and II, respectively. Pneumonia was significantly higher in patients who were overweight and class I, II, and III obese. Furthermore, class III obese patients had a greater risk of presenting with combined respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations (p < 0.001). The median time to viral clearance with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 was moderately higher than that with a BMI < 40 kg/m2. (4) Conclusions: High BMI was associated with pneumonia, ICU admission, severity, and mortality due to COVID-19.
Keywords: obesity; body mass index; COVID-19; pneumonia; severity; United Arab Emirates obesity; body mass index; COVID-19; pneumonia; severity; United Arab Emirates

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hafez, W.; Abdelshakor, M.; Kishk, S.; Gebril, A.; Gador, M.; Osman, S.; Abuelsaoud, H.M.; Abdelrahman, A. Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Adult COVID-19 Patients of Diverse Ethnicities. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2575. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122575

AMA Style

Hafez W, Abdelshakor M, Kishk S, Gebril A, Gador M, Osman S, Abuelsaoud HM, Abdelrahman A. Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Adult COVID-19 Patients of Diverse Ethnicities. Healthcare. 2022; 10(12):2575. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122575

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafez, Wael, Mahmoud Abdelshakor, Samy Kishk, Amr Gebril, Muneir Gador, Sana Osman, Hesham Mohamed Abuelsaoud, and Ahmed Abdelrahman. 2022. "Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Adult COVID-19 Patients of Diverse Ethnicities" Healthcare 10, no. 12: 2575. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122575

APA Style

Hafez, W., Abdelshakor, M., Kishk, S., Gebril, A., Gador, M., Osman, S., Abuelsaoud, H. M., & Abdelrahman, A. (2022). Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Adult COVID-19 Patients of Diverse Ethnicities. Healthcare, 10(12), 2575. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122575

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