The Preventive Health Professions in Italy: The Efficient Use of Resources, Skills and Best Practice during the Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geographic Area of Response | HV Respondents (%) | EHO Respondents (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Northern Italy | 229 (53) | 226 (43) | 0.0130 |
Central Italy | 18 (4) | 65 (12) | <0.0001 |
South Italy | 183 (43) | 239 (45) | 0.4703 |
430 (100) | 530 (100) |
HVs | EHOs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age Range | n (%) | n (%) | p-Value |
≤30 | 171 (39.77) | 110 (20.75) | <0.0001 |
31–40 | 154 (35.81) | 303 (57.17) | <0.0001 |
41–50 | 39 (9.07) | 26 (4.91) | 0.0153 |
51–60 | 66 (15.35) | 57 (10.76) | 0.0433 |
≥61 | 0 | 34 (6.41) | <0.0001 |
430 (100) | 530 (100) |
HVs | EHOs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assignment Service | Pre-Pandemic n (%) | Pandemic n (%) | p-Value | Pre-Pandemic n (%) | Pandemic n (%) | p-Value |
Hygiene and Public Health Service | 176 (40.93) | 330 (76.74) | <0.0001 | 219 (41.32) | 358 (67.55) | <0.0001 |
Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service | 10 (2.32) | 4 (0.93) | 0.1779 | 126 (23.78) | 55 (10.38) | <0.0001 |
Workplace Safety Prevention Service | 34 (7.91) | 30 (6.98) | 0.6667 | 65 (12.26) | 62 (11.7) | 0.8500 |
Veterinary Services | 0 | 0 | 1.0000 | 10 (1.89) | 8 (1.51) | 0.8121 |
Other Prevention Department Services: Health and Environment, Promotion of Physical Activities, Epidemiology Services | 47 (10.93) | 31 (7.21) | 0.0749 | 12 (2.26) | 0 | 0.0014 |
Services not included in the Department of Prevention: Prevention and Protection Services, Technical Services, Environmental Protection Agencies, Border Control Posts, Universities | 73 (16.98) | 35 (8.14) | <0.0001 | 68 (12.83) | 47 (8.86) | 0.0482 |
No employment in pre-pandemic era | 90 (20.93) | 0 | <0.0001 | 30 (5.66) | 0 | <0.0001 |
430 (100) | 430 (100) | 530 (100) | 530 (100) |
HVs | EHOs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Pandemic Mean (SD) | Pandemic Mean (SD) | p-Value | Pre-Pandemic Mean (SD) | Pandemic Mean (SD) | p-Value | |
Working activities in which you are involved requiring fatigue or not guaranteeing sufficient rest times | 6.14 (2.31) | 7.69 (2.50) | <0.0001 | 6.4 (2.11) | 7.34 (2.35) | <0.0001 |
Working activities, combined with any shifts, exposing you to an excessive level of pressure | 5.94 (2.40) | 8.02 (2.89) | <0.0001 | 5.89 (2.49) | 7.39 (2.59) | <0.0001 |
HVs | EHOs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge and Skills Area | Yes (%) | No (%) | p-Value | Yes (%) | No (%) | p-Value |
Were the skills acquired in your university career sufficient for carrying out your work activities with full autonomy? | 234 (54.42) | 196 (45.58) | 0.0116 | 110 (20.75) | 420 (79.25) | <0.0001 |
Were the skills acquired in your university career sufficient for carrying out the work specifically executed in the emergency context? | 185 (43.02) | 245 (56.98) | 0.0001 | 108 (20.38) | 422 (79.62) | <0.0001 |
In the pandemic period, did you need to acquire new or more in-depth knowledge or additional skills, even if not strictly related to your professional profile? | 353 (82.09) | 77 (17.91) | <0.0001 | 505 (95.28) | 25 (4.72) | <0.0001 |
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Marcotrigiano, V.; Pattavina, F.; Blangiardi, L.; Salerno, G.; Dalena, A.; Del Bianco, F.; Di Fant, M.; Fabbro, A.; Forgiarini, M.; Lanzilotti, C.; et al. The Preventive Health Professions in Italy: The Efficient Use of Resources, Skills and Best Practice during the Pandemic. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101906
Marcotrigiano V, Pattavina F, Blangiardi L, Salerno G, Dalena A, Del Bianco F, Di Fant M, Fabbro A, Forgiarini M, Lanzilotti C, et al. The Preventive Health Professions in Italy: The Efficient Use of Resources, Skills and Best Practice during the Pandemic. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101906
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcotrigiano, Vincenzo, Fabio Pattavina, Lorenzo Blangiardi, Gerardo Salerno, Annamaria Dalena, Flavio Del Bianco, Marcella Di Fant, Anna Fabbro, Mariarita Forgiarini, Carola Lanzilotti, and et al. 2022. "The Preventive Health Professions in Italy: The Efficient Use of Resources, Skills and Best Practice during the Pandemic" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101906