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Mathematics
Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/math14122088
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Hybrid Zebra Optimization Sine Cosine Algorithm for Economic Operation of Power Systems Based on Optimal Power Generation to Control Congestion in Transmission Lines

by
Susovan Dutta
1,*,
Bishaljit Paul
2,
Barnali Kundu
1,
Chandan Kumar Chanda
3 and
Kaushik Paul
4,*
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700114, India
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Narula Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700109, India
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIEST, Shibpur, Kolkata 711103, India
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad 828123, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2026, 14(12), 2088; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14122088
Submission received: 10 April 2026 / Revised: 22 May 2026 / Accepted: 8 June 2026 / Published: 11 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algorithm Engineering for Complex Optimization Problems: Theory and Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Effective Congestion Management (CM) plays a vital role in ensuring reliable system operation and control. The primary objective of CM is to relieve transmission line overloads while satisfying all operational constraints at the minimum possible cost. This study introduces a hybrid Zebra Optimization Algorithm–Sine Cosine Algorithm (ZOA–SCA) for an efficient generation rescheduling strategy aimed at minimizing congestion-related expenses. The hybrid framework integrates key mechanisms of the SCA into the ZOA process to strengthen both its exploration and exploitation capabilities, thereby enabling robust global search performance and effective optimization of rescheduled generation levels. The effectiveness of the ZOA-SCA was tested on the 23 benchmark functions. The proposed approach was validated on IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus benchmark systems under congested system conditions. Its effectiveness was assessed through comparative analysis with several state-of-the-art optimization techniques. Simulation results indicate that the ZOA-SCA consistently achieves superior performance by avoiding premature convergence and exhibiting favorable convergence behavior.
Keywords: soft computing; power system; optimization techniques; cost minimization; power flow control soft computing; power system; optimization techniques; cost minimization; power flow control

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dutta, S.; Paul, B.; Kundu, B.; Chanda, C.K.; Paul, K. A Hybrid Zebra Optimization Sine Cosine Algorithm for Economic Operation of Power Systems Based on Optimal Power Generation to Control Congestion in Transmission Lines. Mathematics 2026, 14, 2088. https://doi.org/10.3390/math14122088

AMA Style

Dutta S, Paul B, Kundu B, Chanda CK, Paul K. A Hybrid Zebra Optimization Sine Cosine Algorithm for Economic Operation of Power Systems Based on Optimal Power Generation to Control Congestion in Transmission Lines. Mathematics. 2026; 14(12):2088. https://doi.org/10.3390/math14122088

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dutta, Susovan, Bishaljit Paul, Barnali Kundu, Chandan Kumar Chanda, and Kaushik Paul. 2026. "A Hybrid Zebra Optimization Sine Cosine Algorithm for Economic Operation of Power Systems Based on Optimal Power Generation to Control Congestion in Transmission Lines" Mathematics 14, no. 12: 2088. https://doi.org/10.3390/math14122088

APA Style

Dutta, S., Paul, B., Kundu, B., Chanda, C. K., & Paul, K. (2026). A Hybrid Zebra Optimization Sine Cosine Algorithm for Economic Operation of Power Systems Based on Optimal Power Generation to Control Congestion in Transmission Lines. Mathematics, 14(12), 2088. https://doi.org/10.3390/math14122088

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