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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Independent Bondage Number in Planar Graphs Under Girth Constraints
by
E. G. K. M. Gamlath
E. G. K. M. Gamlath 1,*
,
Andrew Pham
Andrew Pham 2
and
Bing Wei
Bing Wei 3
1
College of Health and Natural Sciences, Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH 03461, USA
2
Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, 4900 Meridian St N, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA
3
Department of Mathematics, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2025, 13(22), 3662; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223662 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 17 October 2025
/
Revised: 7 November 2025
/
Accepted: 9 November 2025
/
Published: 15 November 2025
Abstract
Given a finite, simple, connected graph G with at least one edge, the independent bondage number of G is the minimum size of an edge set, such that its deletion results in a graph with a strictly larger independent domination number than that of G. While the bondage number of graphs under girth constraints has been studied, very few results have yet been established for the independent bondage number. In this study, we establish upper bounds on the independent bondage number of planar graphs under given girth constraints, extending results on the bondage number by Fischermann, Rautenbach, and Volkmann and on the structures of planar graphs by Borodin and Ivanova. In particular, we identify additional structures and establish bounds on the independent bondage number for planar graphs with and , and , and , and and , showing that the corresponding bounds are , , , and , respectively.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Gamlath, E.G.K.M.; Pham, A.; Wei, B.
Independent Bondage Number in Planar Graphs Under Girth Constraints. Mathematics 2025, 13, 3662.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223662
AMA Style
Gamlath EGKM, Pham A, Wei B.
Independent Bondage Number in Planar Graphs Under Girth Constraints. Mathematics. 2025; 13(22):3662.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223662
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gamlath, E. G. K. M., Andrew Pham, and Bing Wei.
2025. "Independent Bondage Number in Planar Graphs Under Girth Constraints" Mathematics 13, no. 22: 3662.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223662
APA Style
Gamlath, E. G. K. M., Pham, A., & Wei, B.
(2025). Independent Bondage Number in Planar Graphs Under Girth Constraints. Mathematics, 13(22), 3662.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223662
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