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Article

A Complete Neural Network-Based Representation of High-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks

1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
Mathematics 2025, 13(17), 2903; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172903
Submission received: 2 August 2025 / Revised: 2 September 2025 / Accepted: 5 September 2025 / Published: 8 September 2025

Abstract

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a highly used machine learning architecture in various fields. Typical descriptions of CNNs are based on low-dimension and tensor representations in the feature extraction part. In this article, we extend the setting of CNNs to any arbitrary dimension and linearize the whole setting via the typical layers of neurons. In essence, a partial and a full network construct the entire process of a standard CNN, with the partial network being used to linearize the feature extraction. By doing so, we link the tensor-style representation of CNNs with the pure network representation. The outcomes serve two main purposes: to relate CNNs with other machine learning frameworks and to facilitate intuitive representations.
Keywords: CNN; network representation; linearization; forward and backward propagation CNN; network representation; linearization; forward and backward propagation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, R.-M. A Complete Neural Network-Based Representation of High-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks. Mathematics 2025, 13, 2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172903

AMA Style

Chen R-M. A Complete Neural Network-Based Representation of High-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks. Mathematics. 2025; 13(17):2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172903

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Ray-Ming. 2025. "A Complete Neural Network-Based Representation of High-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks" Mathematics 13, no. 17: 2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172903

APA Style

Chen, R.-M. (2025). A Complete Neural Network-Based Representation of High-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks. Mathematics, 13(17), 2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172903

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