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Volume 13
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10.3390/math13172699
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Article

A Transformer-Based Approach for Joint Interference Cancellation and Signal Detection in FTN-RIS MIMO Systems

by
Seong-Gyun Choi
1,2,
Seung-Hwan Seo
1,2,
Ji-Hee Yu
1,2,
Yoon-Ju Choi
1,2,
Ki-Chang Tong
1,2,
Min-Hyeok Choi
1,2,
Yeong-Gyun Jung
1,2,
Myung-Sun Baek
3 and
Hyoung-Kyu Song
1,2,*
1
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2025, 13(17), 2699; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172699
Submission received: 30 July 2025 / Revised: 18 August 2025 / Accepted: 20 August 2025 / Published: 22 August 2025
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Abstract

Next-generation communication systems demand extreme spectral efficiency to handle ever-increasing data traffic. The combination of faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) presents a promising solution to meet this demand. However, the aggressive time compression inherent to FTN signaling introduces severe and highly non-linear inter-symbol interference (ISI). This complex distortion is challenging for conventional linear equalizers and even for recurrent neural network (RNN)-based detectors, which can struggle to model long-range dependencies within the signal sequence. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel signal detection framework based on the transformer model. By leveraging its core multi-head self-attention mechanism, the transformer globally analyzes the entire received signal sequence at once. This enables it to effectively model and reverse complex ISI patterns by identifying the most significant interfering symbols, regardless of their position, leading to superior signal recovery. The simulation results validate the outstanding performance of the proposed approach. To achieve a target bit error rate (BER) of 10−4, the transformer-based detector shows a significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of approximately 1.5 dB over a Bi-LSTM detector over 4 dB compared to the conventional FTN-RIS system, while maintaining a high spectral efficiency of nearly 2 bps/s/Hz.
Keywords: faster-than-Nyquist; reconfigurable intelligent surfaces; ML-based detection; LSTM; Bi-LSTM; transformer faster-than-Nyquist; reconfigurable intelligent surfaces; ML-based detection; LSTM; Bi-LSTM; transformer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Choi, S.-G.; Seo, S.-H.; Yu, J.-H.; Choi, Y.-J.; Tong, K.-C.; Choi, M.-H.; Jung, Y.-G.; Baek, M.-S.; Song, H.-K. A Transformer-Based Approach for Joint Interference Cancellation and Signal Detection in FTN-RIS MIMO Systems. Mathematics 2025, 13, 2699. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172699

AMA Style

Choi S-G, Seo S-H, Yu J-H, Choi Y-J, Tong K-C, Choi M-H, Jung Y-G, Baek M-S, Song H-K. A Transformer-Based Approach for Joint Interference Cancellation and Signal Detection in FTN-RIS MIMO Systems. Mathematics. 2025; 13(17):2699. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172699

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Seong-Gyun, Seung-Hwan Seo, Ji-Hee Yu, Yoon-Ju Choi, Ki-Chang Tong, Min-Hyeok Choi, Yeong-Gyun Jung, Myung-Sun Baek, and Hyoung-Kyu Song. 2025. "A Transformer-Based Approach for Joint Interference Cancellation and Signal Detection in FTN-RIS MIMO Systems" Mathematics 13, no. 17: 2699. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172699

APA Style

Choi, S.-G., Seo, S.-H., Yu, J.-H., Choi, Y.-J., Tong, K.-C., Choi, M.-H., Jung, Y.-G., Baek, M.-S., & Song, H.-K. (2025). A Transformer-Based Approach for Joint Interference Cancellation and Signal Detection in FTN-RIS MIMO Systems. Mathematics, 13(17), 2699. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172699

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