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Proteomes
Volume 13
Issue 4
10.3390/proteomes13040049
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Review

Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Proteomics in Corneal Regenerative Medicine

by
Zohreh Arabpour
1,
Hanieh Niktinat
1,
Firouze Hatami
1,
Amal Yaghmour
1,
Zarife Jale Yucel
1,
Seyyedehfatemeh Ghalibafan
1,
Hamed Massoumi
1,
Zahra Bibak Bejandi
1,
Majid Salehi
1,2,
Elmira Jalilian
1,
Mahmood Ghassemi
1,
Victor H. Guaiquil
1,
Mark Rosenblatt
1,* and
Ali R. Djalilian
1,*
1
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
2
Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud 3614773955, Iran
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Proteomes 2025, 13(4), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13040049
Submission received: 31 July 2025 / Revised: 4 September 2025 / Accepted: 28 September 2025 / Published: 3 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Multi-Omics in Precision Medicine)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Corneal regeneration has gained growing interest in recent years, largely due to the limitations of conventional treatments and the persistent shortage of donor tissue. Among the emerging strategies, extracellular vehicles (EVs), especially those derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), have shown great promise as a cell-free therapeutic approach. These nanoscale vesicles contribute to corneal healing by modulating inflammation, supporting epithelial and stromal regeneration, and promoting nerve repair. Their therapeutic potential is largely attributed to the diverse and bioactive proteomic cargo they carry, including growth factors, cytokines, and proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the proteomic landscape of EVs in the context of corneal regenerative medicine. We explore the biological functions of EVs in corneal epithelial repair, stromal remodeling, and neurodegeneration. In addition, we discuss advanced proteomic profiling techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which have been used to identify and characterize the protein contents of EVs. This review also compares the proteomic profiles of EVs derived from various MSC sources, including adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord, and considers how environmental cues, such as hypoxia and inflammation, influence their protein composition. By consolidating current findings, this article aims to provide valuable insights for advancing the next generation of cell-free therapies for corneal repair and regeneration.
Keywords: extracellular vesicle; proteomics; corneal regeneration; mesenchymal stem cells; extracellular vehicles priming extracellular vesicle; proteomics; corneal regeneration; mesenchymal stem cells; extracellular vehicles priming

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Arabpour, Z.; Niktinat, H.; Hatami, F.; Yaghmour, A.; Yucel, Z.J.; Ghalibafan, S.; Massoumi, H.; Bibak Bejandi, Z.; Salehi, M.; Jalilian, E.; et al. Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Proteomics in Corneal Regenerative Medicine. Proteomes 2025, 13, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13040049

AMA Style

Arabpour Z, Niktinat H, Hatami F, Yaghmour A, Yucel ZJ, Ghalibafan S, Massoumi H, Bibak Bejandi Z, Salehi M, Jalilian E, et al. Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Proteomics in Corneal Regenerative Medicine. Proteomes. 2025; 13(4):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13040049

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arabpour, Zohreh, Hanieh Niktinat, Firouze Hatami, Amal Yaghmour, Zarife Jale Yucel, Seyyedehfatemeh Ghalibafan, Hamed Massoumi, Zahra Bibak Bejandi, Majid Salehi, Elmira Jalilian, and et al. 2025. "Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Proteomics in Corneal Regenerative Medicine" Proteomes 13, no. 4: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13040049

APA Style

Arabpour, Z., Niktinat, H., Hatami, F., Yaghmour, A., Yucel, Z. J., Ghalibafan, S., Massoumi, H., Bibak Bejandi, Z., Salehi, M., Jalilian, E., Ghassemi, M., Guaiquil, V. H., Rosenblatt, M., & Djalilian, A. R. (2025). Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Proteomics in Corneal Regenerative Medicine. Proteomes, 13(4), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13040049

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