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Article

Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus

by
Una Stamenović
1,*,
Dijana Mašojević
1,
Maja Kokunešoski
1,
Mojca Otoničar
2,
Slađana Davidović
3,
Srečo Škapin
2,
Tanja Barudžija
1,
Dejan Pjević
1,
Tamara Minović Arsić
1 and
Vesna Vodnik
1,*
1
Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Jožef Štefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
3
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Technologies 2025, 13(10), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13100458
Submission received: 16 July 2025 / Revised: 3 October 2025 / Accepted: 7 October 2025 / Published: 9 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Technology)
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Abstract

This study considered and compared silver, gold, and their combination of nanoparticles (AgNPs, AuNPs, and Au-AgNPs) with biocompatible material mesoporous silica SBA-15 as potential antibacterial agents. A facile, one-pot “green” methodology, utilizing L-histidine as a reducing agent and bridge between components, was employed to obtain Ag@SBA-15, Au@SBA-15, and Au-Ag@SBA-15 nanocomposites without the use of external additives. Various physicochemical tools (UV-Vis, TEM, SAED, FESEM, XPS, BET, XRD, and FTIR) presented SBA-15 as a good carrier for spherical AgNPs, AuNPs, and Au-AgNPs with average diameters of 8.5, 16, and 9 nm, respectively. Antibacterial evaluations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed that only Ag@SBA-15, at a very low Ag concentration (1 ppm) during 2 h of contact, completely reduced the growth (99.99%) of both strains, while the Au@SBA-15 nanocomposite required higher concentrations (5 ppm) and time (4 h) to reduce 99.98% E. coli and 94.54% S. aureus. However, Au introduction in Ag@SBA-15 to form Au-Ag@SBA-15 negatively affected its antibacterial potential, lowering it due to the galvanic replacement reaction. Nevertheless, the rapid and effective combating of two bacteria at low NPs concentrations, through the synergistic effects of mesoporous silica and AgNPs or AuNPs, in Ag@SBA-15 and Au@SBA-15 nanocomposites, provides a potential substitute for existing bacterial disinfectants.
Keywords: green methodology; silver nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; mesoporous silica; nanocomposite; bacteria inhibition green methodology; silver nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; mesoporous silica; nanocomposite; bacteria inhibition
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MDPI and ACS Style

Stamenović, U.; Mašojević, D.; Kokunešoski, M.; Otoničar, M.; Davidović, S.; Škapin, S.; Barudžija, T.; Pjević, D.; Arsić, T.M.; Vodnik, V. Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus. Technologies 2025, 13, 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13100458

AMA Style

Stamenović U, Mašojević D, Kokunešoski M, Otoničar M, Davidović S, Škapin S, Barudžija T, Pjević D, Arsić TM, Vodnik V. Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus. Technologies. 2025; 13(10):458. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13100458

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stamenović, Una, Dijana Mašojević, Maja Kokunešoski, Mojca Otoničar, Slađana Davidović, Srečo Škapin, Tanja Barudžija, Dejan Pjević, Tamara Minović Arsić, and Vesna Vodnik. 2025. "Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus" Technologies 13, no. 10: 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13100458

APA Style

Stamenović, U., Mašojević, D., Kokunešoski, M., Otoničar, M., Davidović, S., Škapin, S., Barudžija, T., Pjević, D., Arsić, T. M., & Vodnik, V. (2025). Green Methodology for Producing Bioactive Nanocomposites of Mesoporous Silica Support for Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against E. coli and S. aureus. Technologies, 13(10), 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13100458

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