Knowledge and Attitude Towards Antibiotic Usage: A Questionnaire-Based Survey Among Pre-Professional Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences on Jeddah Campus, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Development of Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Number | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Age (332) | ||
18.75 ± 0.606 | 332 | 95.6 |
Gender (347) | ||
Male | 214 | 61.7 |
Female | 133 | 38.3 |
Highest educational status of father (346) | ||
Primary or lower | 30 | 4.9 |
Secondary | 80 | 21.9 |
College/University | 231 | 72.9 |
Highest educational status of mother (341) | ||
Primary or lower | 13 | 8.6 |
Secondary | 112 | 23.1 |
College/University | 209 | 66.6 |
Monthly income (329) | ||
<5000 SAR | 13 | 3.7 |
5000–15,000 SAR | 112 | 32.3 |
>15,000 SAR | 209 | 60.2 |
Recent Use (within 6 Months) | Number (n = 347) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Yes | 158 | 45.5 |
No | 189 | 54.5 |
Source of antibiotic | ||
Prescribed | 118 | 74.7 |
Without prescription
| 40 | 25.3 |
19 | 47.5 | |
10 | 25.0 | |
11 | 27.5 | |
Reasons for taking antibiotic | ||
Fever/Pain/Inflammation | 123 | 77.8 |
Respiratory illness | 37 | 23.4 |
Urinary tract infection | 5 | 3.1 |
Skin problem/wound | 12 | 7.5 |
Others | 12 | 7.5 |
Level of Knowledge | Total Score | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Poor | 0–4 | 95 (27.4) |
Moderate | 5–9 | 218 (62.8) |
Good | 10–14 | 34 (9.8) |
Characteristics | Level of Knowledge | p Value (X2 Test/Fisher Exact Test) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Poor (0–4) | Moderate (5–9) | Good (10–14) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 67 (31.1%) | 131 (61.2%) | 16 (7.5%) | 0.042 |
Female | 28 (21.1%) | 87 (65.9%) | 18 (13.5%) | |
Educational status of father | ||||
Primary or lower | 9 (52.9%) | 7 (41.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.022 * |
Secondary | 25 (32.9%) | 48 (63.2%) | 3 (3.9%) | |
College/University | 60 (23.7%) | 163 (64.4%) | 30 (11.9%) | |
Educational status of mother | ||||
Primary or lower | 16 (45.7%) | 14 (40.0%) | 5 (14.3%) | 0.015 * |
Secondary | 22 (27.5%) | 53 (66.3%) | 5 (6.3%) | |
College/University | 56 (24.2%) | 151 (65.4%) | 24 (10.4%) | |
Monthly income | ||||
<5000 SAR | 3 (35.5%) | 4 (50%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.2 * |
5000–15,000 SAR | 38 (33.9%) | 61 (54.5%) | 13 (11.6%) | |
>15,000 SAR | 46 (22.5%) | 139 (68.1%) | 19 (9.3%) |
Statement | Correct Answer | Incorrect Answer | Unsure | p Value (X2 Test/Fisher Exact Test) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Education of Father | Education of Mother | Income | ||||
Role of Antibiotic | |||||||
Antibiotics are medicines that can kill bacteria. | 242 (69.7%) | 33 (9.5%) | 72 (20.8%) | 0.188 | 0.430 * | 0.096 * | 0.203 * |
Antibiotics can be used to treat viral infections. | 124 (35.7%) | 122 (35.2%) | 101 (29.1%) | 0.015 | 0.585 | 0.929 * | 0.963 * |
Antibiotics can cure all infections. | 9 (2.6%) | 250 (72.0%) | 88 (25.4%) | 0.643 | 0.287 * | 0.583 * | 0.629 |
Antibiotics are indicated to relieve pain/inflammation. | 209 (60.2%) | 79 (22.8%) | 59 (17.1%) | 0.587 | 0.651 * | 0.389 * | 0.192 * |
Antibiotics are used to stop fever. | 140 (40.3%) | 113 (32.6%) | 94 (28.1%) | 0.079 | 0.701 | 0.384 * | 0.768 * |
Identification of Antibiotic | |||||||
Penicillin is an antibiotic. | 93 (26.8%) | 72 (20.7%) | 176 (51.5%) | 0.883 | 0.005 * | 0.589 * | 0.230 * |
Aspirin is a new generation of antibiotic. | 44 (12.7%) | 103 (29.7%) | 198 (57.6%) | 0.004 | 0.009 * | 0.404 * | 0.399 * |
Paracetamol is considered as an antibiotic. | 29 (8.4%) | 58 (16.7%) | 260 (74.9%) | 0.020 | 0.05 * | 0.586 * | 0.972 * |
Diphenhydramine is not an antibiotic. | 17 (4.9%) | 15 (4.3%) | 315 (90.8%) | 0.352 | 0.047 * | 0.781 * | 0.773 * |
Dangers of Antibiotic | |||||||
Overuse of antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance. | 133 (38.3%) | 156 (45.0%) | 58 (16.7%) | 0.792 | 0.005 * | 0.002 * | 0.077 * |
Antibiotics may cause allergic reaction. | 189 (54.5%) | 18 (5.2%) | 140 (40.3%) | 0.356 | 0.102 * | 0.227* | 0.160 * |
All antibiotics do not cause side effects. | 18 (5.2%) | 243 (70.0%) | 86 (24.8%) | 0.398 | 0.312 * | 0.097* | 0.573 * |
Completion of Treatment Course | |||||||
You can stop taking a full course of antibiotic if your symptoms are improving. | 118 (34.0%) | 189 (54.5%) | 40 (11.5%) | 0.559 | 0.526 | 0.213 * | 0.128 * |
The effectiveness of treatment is reduced if a full course of antibiotic is not completed. | 247 (71.2%) | 36 (10.4%) | 64 (18.4%) | 0.137 | 0.714 * | 0.420 * | 0.441 * |
Statement | Agree | Disagree | Unsure | p Value (X2 Test/Fisher Exact Test) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Education of Father | Education of Mother | Income | ||||
When I get a cold, I will take antibiotics to help me get better more quickly. | 222 (64.2%) | 35 (10.1%) | 89 (25.7%) | 0.297 | 0.264 | 0.164 * | 0.078 * |
I expect antibiotics to be prescribed by my doctor if I suffer from common cold symptoms | 127 (36.7%) | 82 (23.7%) | 137 (39.6%) | 0.694 | 0.477 | 0.578 * | 0.453 * |
I normally stop taking antibiotics when I start feeling better. | 189 (54.8%) | 25 (7.2%) | 131 (38.0%) | 0.570 | 0.008 | 0.116 * | 0.035 * |
If my family member is sick, I usually will give my antibiotics to them. | 306 (88.4%) | 19 (5.5%) | 21 (6.1%) | 0.562 | 0.208 * | 0.639 * | 0.783 * |
I normally keep antibiotics stocks at home in case of emergency. | 189 (54.6%) | 36 (10.4%) | 121 (35.0%) | 0.054 | 0.402 | 0.918 * | 0.857 * |
I will use leftover antibiotics for a respiratory illness. | 273 (78.9%) | 58 (16.8%) | 15 (4.3%) | 0.589 | 0.731 * | 0.714 * | 0.906 * |
I will take antibiotics according to the instruction on the label. * | 21 (6.1%) | 30 (8.7%) | 293 (85.2%) | 0.557 | 0.220 * | 0.227 * | 0.394 * |
I normally will look at the expiry date of antibiotics before taking it *. | 34 (9.9%) | 33 (9.6%) | 278 (80.6%) | 0.978 | 0.525 * | 0.209 * | 0.828 * |
When a family member or a friend feels sick, I recommend antibiotics. | 272 (78.6%) | 46 (13.3%) | 28 (8.1%) | 0.709 | 0.483 * | 0.174 * | 0.001 |
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Zaidi, S.F.; Alotaibi, R.; Nagro, A.; Alsalmi, M.; Almansouri, H.; Khan, M.A.; Khan, A.; Memon, I. Knowledge and Attitude Towards Antibiotic Usage: A Questionnaire-Based Survey Among Pre-Professional Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences on Jeddah Campus, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy 2020, 8, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8010005
Zaidi SF, Alotaibi R, Nagro A, Alsalmi M, Almansouri H, Khan MA, Khan A, Memon I. Knowledge and Attitude Towards Antibiotic Usage: A Questionnaire-Based Survey Among Pre-Professional Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences on Jeddah Campus, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy. 2020; 8(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaidi, Syed Faisal, Rakan Alotaibi, Abdulaziz Nagro, Muath Alsalmi, Hidaya Almansouri, Muhammad Anwar Khan, Aslam Khan, and Ismail Memon. 2020. "Knowledge and Attitude Towards Antibiotic Usage: A Questionnaire-Based Survey Among Pre-Professional Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences on Jeddah Campus, Saudi Arabia" Pharmacy 8, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8010005
APA StyleZaidi, S. F., Alotaibi, R., Nagro, A., Alsalmi, M., Almansouri, H., Khan, M. A., Khan, A., & Memon, I. (2020). Knowledge and Attitude Towards Antibiotic Usage: A Questionnaire-Based Survey Among Pre-Professional Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences on Jeddah Campus, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy, 8(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8010005