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Volume 13
Issue 6
10.3390/pharmacy13060174
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Article

“But Will It Last?”: Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse

by
Aaron M. Gilson
1,
Katherine G. Moore
2,
Stephanie M. Resendiz
3,
Emily L. Hoffins
4,
Shiying Mai
3,
Jamie A. Stone
2 and
Michelle A. Chui
2,*
1
Sonderegger Research Center for Improved Medication Outcomes, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI 53705, USA
2
Chui SAMS (Systems Approach to Medication Safety) Lab, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI 53705, USA
3
Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI 53705, USA
4
Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmacy 2025, 13(6), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060174 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 October 2025 / Revised: 24 November 2025 / Accepted: 28 November 2025 / Published: 1 December 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Sustaining a well-designed healthcare intervention justifies the resources allocated during its conceptualization and implementation and maximizes its clinical benefits, but staff influences on sustainment have been studied insufficiently. This study evaluates the effects of pharmacy staff (i.e., pharmacists/technicians) perceptions about the sustainability of Senior SafeTM, a U.S. pharmacy-based intervention to reduce older adult over-the-counter (OTC) medication misuse. Three months after introducing Senior Safe into 67 pharmacies in a large Midwestern health-system, all pharmacy staff (N = 279) received a survey invitation. Fifty-nine pharmacists and 94 technicians completed the survey. Using logistic regression modeling for the 14 belief-based survey items, and staff roles (pharmacist or technician), the final factors significantly predicting staff views that Senior Safe was sustainable were as follows: perceiving Senior Safe as well-integrated into leadership operations (OR = 5.606, p < 0.001) and believing the intervention reduced OTC misuse (OR = 8.217, p < 0.001). Also, technicians were more confident than pharmacists about Senior Safe’s sustainment and its OTC misuse reduction success. Overall, an intervention’s sustainability relies on those using it. Since the principal predictor of maintaining Senior Safe was its perceived effectiveness, increasing staff buy-in and awareness of an intervention’s benefits may be central to its long-term viability. With an aging U.S. population, sustainable solutions to older adult medication misuse remain critical.
Keywords: sustainability; senior safe; OTC misuse; older adults; pharmacy staff; pharmacists; pharmacy technicians; confidence; survey sustainability; senior safe; OTC misuse; older adults; pharmacy staff; pharmacists; pharmacy technicians; confidence; survey

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gilson, A.M.; Moore, K.G.; Resendiz, S.M.; Hoffins, E.L.; Mai, S.; Stone, J.A.; Chui, M.A. “But Will It Last?”: Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse. Pharmacy 2025, 13, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060174

AMA Style

Gilson AM, Moore KG, Resendiz SM, Hoffins EL, Mai S, Stone JA, Chui MA. “But Will It Last?”: Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse. Pharmacy. 2025; 13(6):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060174

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gilson, Aaron M., Katherine G. Moore, Stephanie M. Resendiz, Emily L. Hoffins, Shiying Mai, Jamie A. Stone, and Michelle A. Chui. 2025. "“But Will It Last?”: Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse" Pharmacy 13, no. 6: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060174

APA Style

Gilson, A. M., Moore, K. G., Resendiz, S. M., Hoffins, E. L., Mai, S., Stone, J. A., & Chui, M. A. (2025). “But Will It Last?”: Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse. Pharmacy, 13(6), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060174

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