The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Management Services on the Quality of Life and Adverse Drug Reaction Occurrence
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Study Participants and Data Collection
2.3. Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment Tool
2.4. Pharmacy Intervention
2.5. Adverse Drug Reactions
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Health-Related Quality of Life
3.2. Adverse Drug Reactions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Characteristic | Group |
---|---|
Intervention | |
Sample size (n) | 65 |
Age (years) * | 72.4 ± 4.6 |
Sex female male | 43 22 |
Body mass index | 29.5 ± 4.9 |
Alcohol consumption yes/no | 15/50 |
Cigarette consumption yes/no | 2/63 |
Status of physical activity yes/no | 28/37 |
Level of education primary/secondary/higher | 3/31/29 |
≥5 medications used (polypharmacy) yes/no | 64/1 |
Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus yes/no | 26/39 |
Patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia yes/no | 35/30 |
Number of medications per patient at the initial visit * | 10.8 ± 3.6 |
Number of medications used at the initial visit | 699 |
Use of cardiovascular system medications, n (%) | 267 (38.2) |
Use of gastrointestinal system and endocrine system medications, n (%) | 123 (17.6) |
Use of nervous system medications, n (%) | 78 (11.2) |
Number of diagnoses per patient at the initial visit * | 7.9 ± 3.4 |
Number of diagnoses | 510 |
Diseases of the circulatory system, % | 32.5 |
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, % | 21.6 |
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, % | 11.2 |
EQ-5D-5L Dimension | T0 * (%) n = 60 | T1 * (%) n = 58 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MOBILITY | No problems | 38.3 | 37.9 | |
Slight problems | 18.3 | 32.8 | ||
Moderate problems | 28.3 | 19.0 | 0.203 | |
Severe problems | 15.0 | 10.3 | ||
Unable to walk | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
SELF-CARE | No problems | 78.3 | 89.7 | |
Slight problems | 10.0 | 6.9 | ||
Moderate problems | 6.7 | 1.7 | 0.011 | |
Severe problems | 3.3 | 1.7 | ||
Unable to do | 1.7 | 0.0 | ||
USUAL ACTIVITIES | No problems | 50.0 | 63.8 | |
Slight problems | 26.7 | 20.7 | ||
Moderate problems | 16.7 | 12.1 | 0.003 | |
Severe problems | 3.3 | 3.4 | ||
Unable to do | 3.3 | 0.0 | ||
PAIN/DISCOMFORT | No pain | 16.7 | 20.7 | |
Slight pain | 26.7 | 29.3 | ||
Moderate pain | 31.7 | 34.5 | 0.173 | |
Severe pain | 23.3 | 15.5 | ||
Extreme pain | 1.7 | 0.0 | ||
ANXIETY/ DEPRESSION | Not anxious or depressed | 51.7 | 39.7 | |
Slightly anxious or depressed | 31.7 | 31.0 | ||
Moderately anxious or depressed | 11.7 | 20.7 | 0.083 | |
Severely anxious or depressed | 5.0 | 8.6 | ||
Extremely anxious or depressed | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Classification | n (%) of Suspected ADRs |
---|---|
MedDRA SOC [31] | |
General disorders and administration site conditions | 103 (17.28%) |
Vascular disorders | 71 (11.91%) |
Gastrointestinal disorders | 68 (11.41%) |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 61 (10.23%) |
Nervous system disorders | 59 (9.90%) |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 37 (6.21%) |
Renal and urinary disorders | 37 (6.21%) |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders | 32 (5.37%) |
Cardiac disorders | 26 (4.36%) |
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 20 (3.36%) |
Investigations | 19 (3.19%) |
Ear and labyrinth disorders | 17 (2.85%) |
Psychiatric disorders | 11 (1.85%) |
Immune system disorders | 10 (1.68%) |
Reproductive system and breast disorders | 9 (1.51%) |
Eye disorders | 7 (1.17%) |
Endocrine disorders | 6 (1.01%) |
Infections and infestations | 2 (0.34%) |
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | 1 (0.17%) |
Occurrence mechanism (by Edwards and Aronson) * | |
Type A | 448 (75.17%) |
Type B | 110 (18.46%) |
Type C | 9 (1.51%) |
Type D | 29 (4.87%) |
Seriousness | |
Serious | 73 (12.25%) |
Non-serious | 523 (87.75%) |
Expectedness | |
Expected | 465 (81.44%) |
Unexpected | 106 (18.56%) |
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Brajković, A.; Bićanić, L.A.; Strgačić, M.; Orehovački, H.; Ramalho-de-Oliveira, D.; Mucalo, I. The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Management Services on the Quality of Life and Adverse Drug Reaction Occurrence. Pharmacy 2022, 10, 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10050102
Brajković A, Bićanić LA, Strgačić M, Orehovački H, Ramalho-de-Oliveira D, Mucalo I. The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Management Services on the Quality of Life and Adverse Drug Reaction Occurrence. Pharmacy. 2022; 10(5):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10050102
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrajković, Andrea, Lucija Ana Bićanić, Marija Strgačić, Helena Orehovački, Djenane Ramalho-de-Oliveira, and Iva Mucalo. 2022. "The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Management Services on the Quality of Life and Adverse Drug Reaction Occurrence" Pharmacy 10, no. 5: 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10050102
APA StyleBrajković, A., Bićanić, L. A., Strgačić, M., Orehovački, H., Ramalho-de-Oliveira, D., & Mucalo, I. (2022). The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Management Services on the Quality of Life and Adverse Drug Reaction Occurrence. Pharmacy, 10(5), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10050102