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Open AccessArticle
A Stochastic Optimization Model for Multi-Airport Flight Cooperative Scheduling Considering CvaR of Both Travel and Departure Time
by
Wei Cong
Wei Cong
Zheng Zhao
Zheng Zhao 
,
Ming Wei
Ming Wei
Huan Liu
Huan Liu
1
State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
Feeyo Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China
3
College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210000, China
4
School of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
5
State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM, Beihang University, Beijing 100100, China
6
Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Operation Control of Civil Aviation Airlines, Civil Aviation Science and Technology Research Institute of China, Beijing 100100, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Aerospace 2025, 12(7), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070631 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 June 2025
/
Revised: 8 July 2025
/
Accepted: 10 July 2025
/
Published: 14 July 2025
Abstract
By assuming that both travel and departure time are normally distributed variables, a multi-objective stochastic optimization model for the multi-airport flight cooperative scheduling problem (MAFCSP) with CvaR of travel and departure time is firstly proposed. Herein, conflicts of flights from different airports at the same waypoint can be avoided by simultaneously assigning an optimal route to each flight between the airport and waypoint and determining its practical departure time. Furthermore, several real-world constraints, including the safe interval between any two aircraft at the same waypoint and the maximum allowable delay for each flight, have been incorporated into the proposed model. The primary objective is minimization of both total carbon emissions and delay times for all flights across all airports. A feasible set of non-dominated solutions were obtained using a two-stage heuristic approach-based NSGA-II. Finally, we present a case study of four airports and three waypoints in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China to test our study.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Cong, W.; Zhao, Z.; Wei, M.; Liu, H.
A Stochastic Optimization Model for Multi-Airport Flight Cooperative Scheduling Considering CvaR of Both Travel and Departure Time. Aerospace 2025, 12, 631.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070631
AMA Style
Cong W, Zhao Z, Wei M, Liu H.
A Stochastic Optimization Model for Multi-Airport Flight Cooperative Scheduling Considering CvaR of Both Travel and Departure Time. Aerospace. 2025; 12(7):631.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070631
Chicago/Turabian Style
Cong, Wei, Zheng Zhao, Ming Wei, and Huan Liu.
2025. "A Stochastic Optimization Model for Multi-Airport Flight Cooperative Scheduling Considering CvaR of Both Travel and Departure Time" Aerospace 12, no. 7: 631.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070631
APA Style
Cong, W., Zhao, Z., Wei, M., & Liu, H.
(2025). A Stochastic Optimization Model for Multi-Airport Flight Cooperative Scheduling Considering CvaR of Both Travel and Departure Time. Aerospace, 12(7), 631.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070631
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