Traffic Simulation of Automated-Driving Ground Support Equipment at Tokyo International Airport
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
3.1. Simulation Model
3.2. Input Data for the Simulation Model
3.2.1. Map Data of Haneda Airport
3.2.2. GSE OD Trip Data
3.2.3. Vehicle Specifications and Driving Performance Values of GSE
3.3. Scenario Settings
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Simulation Results
4.1.1. Average Travel Speed
4.1.2. Total Travel Time
4.1.3. Total Number of Stops
4.2. Verification of the Reproducibility of the Simulation
4.3. Discussion on Simulations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
| GSE | Ground support equipment |
| GH | Ground-handling |
| FOT | Field operational test |
| EMMA | Easy Mile Mobility Assistant |
| OD | Origin to destination |
| VRPTW | Vehicle routing problem with time windows |
| VSP | Vehicle scheduling problem |
| AVENUE | Advanced and Visual Evaluator for road Networks in Urban arEas |
| HBDM | Hybrid block density method |
| FD | Fundamental diagram |
Appendix A. Supplementary Data


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| Symbol | Vehicle Type | Body Size | Running Speed | Speed Limit for Haneda Airport (km/h) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (m) | Width (m) | Maximum Running Speed (km/h) | Maximum Acceleration (m/s2) | |||
| WT | Aircraft towing vehicle/Towbarless aircraft towing vehicle | 9.1 | 2.9 | 30 | 0.7 | 30 |
| HL | High-lift loader, etc. | 12.1 | 3.8 | 14 | 1.1 | 15 |
| BL | Belt loader | 7.7 | 2.2 | 25 | 1.1 | 15 |
| CT | Cargo truck/Unit load device transport truck | 6.1 | 2.2 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| FL | Food loader vehicle | 11.8 | 2.5 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| TT | Towing tractor, etc. | 11.8 | 1.4 | 20 | 1.1 | 15 |
| SC | Servicer | 5.4 | 2.1 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| PW | Water supply truck | 5.0 | 2.1 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| LS | Sewage truck/Drainage truck | 7.5 | 2.2 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| BUS | Ramp bus/Large ramp bus/Passenger transport bus, etc. | 11.5 | 2.5 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| MB | Minibus/Shuttle bus | 6.3 | 2.1 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 |
| PS | Passenger step vehicle | 9.0 | 3.4 | 20 | 1.1 | 30 |
| Other than the above | 5.0 | 2.1 | 30 | 1.1 | 30 | |
| Base | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scenario 3 | Scenario 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle type to automate | None | TT, BUS, and MB | ||||
| Penetration ratio of automated-driving GSEs | 0% | 10% | 50% | 100% | 100% | |
| Maximum running speed of automated-driving GSEs | - | Slow | Fast | |||
| - | BUS/MB: 20 km/h | BUS/MB: 30 km/h | ||||
| - | TT: 15 km/h | TT: 20 km/h | ||||
| Priority for intersection entry of automated-driving GSEs | - | Without | Scenario 3-1 | Scenario 3-2 | With | |
| Without | With | |||||
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Share and Cite
Kuroda, Y.; Hanaoka, S.; Sato, S.; Horiguchi, R. Traffic Simulation of Automated-Driving Ground Support Equipment at Tokyo International Airport. Aerospace 2025, 12, 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12100896
Kuroda Y, Hanaoka S, Sato S, Horiguchi R. Traffic Simulation of Automated-Driving Ground Support Equipment at Tokyo International Airport. Aerospace. 2025; 12(10):896. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12100896
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuroda, Yuka, Shinya Hanaoka, Satoshi Sato, and Ryota Horiguchi. 2025. "Traffic Simulation of Automated-Driving Ground Support Equipment at Tokyo International Airport" Aerospace 12, no. 10: 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12100896
APA StyleKuroda, Y., Hanaoka, S., Sato, S., & Horiguchi, R. (2025). Traffic Simulation of Automated-Driving Ground Support Equipment at Tokyo International Airport. Aerospace, 12(10), 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12100896

