Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Novel Acoustic Liners and Their Design for Aero-Engine Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Acoustic Analysis of Helmholtz Resonator with Flexible Walls and Results
2.1. Experimental Setup for the HR
2.2. Results of Experimental Investigations of the FHR Design
3. Semi-Analytical Parameter Studies for FHR and PR Liner Concepts
3.1. Result and Discussion of Parameter Studies for the FHR Concept
3.2. Result and Discussion of Parameter Studies for PR Liner Concept
4. Structural Mechanics Analysis and Results
4.1. Structural Design
4.2. Materials
4.3. Modeling and Numerical Implementation
4.4. Constraints and Load Cases
- global pressure loads due to pressure differences between the face sheet and the back side of the back sheet
- local loads due to maintenance
4.5. Results of the FEA
5. Design and Manufacturing Feasibility Study for Curved Acoustic Liners
5.1. Design and Manufacturing Concept HR-Liner
5.2. Design and Manufacturing Concept of Curved PR-Liner
6. Conclusions
6.1. Experimental Investigation
6.2. Models and Parameter Studies of FHR/PR Liner
6.3. Structural Mechanical Analysis
6.4. Design Concepts and Production
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Thickness mm | Aluminum (Alu) 70,000 MPa | Poly Propylene (PP) 1600 MPa | Thermoplastic Polyurethan (TPU) 16 MPa | Polyamide 6 (PA6) 800 MPa | Polyphenylene Sulphide (PPS) 2400 MPa | Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) 2800 MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.001 | x | |||||
0.01 | x | x | x | x | x | |
0.02 | x | |||||
0.03 | x | |||||
0.04 | x |
Parameter | Symbol | Unit | Value, Value Range | Design Point |
---|---|---|---|---|
Common parameters for both concepts | ||||
Duct height | mm | 60 | 60 | |
Duct width | mm | |||
Young’s modulus | MPa | |||
Poisson ratio | - | |||
Loss factor | - | |||
Density | kg/m3 | |||
Plate thickness | mm | 0.3 | ||
FHR specific parameters | ||||
Plate diameter | mm | 15 | ||
Cell cross Section | mm2 | |||
Face sheet porosity | - | 2.6% | 2.6% | |
Face sheet thickness | mm | 2 | 2 | |
Main cavity height | mm | 40 | 40 | |
Second cavity height | mm | 10 | ||
Liner length | mm | 200 | ||
PR specific parameters | ||||
Cavity length | mm | 65 | ||
Cavity height | mm | 30 | ||
Cavity width | mm |
Component | Face Sheet | Core | Back Plate | Cell Geometry | Mass [kg] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR liner | 2/2 Twill Weave * CFRP (0.2 mm) | Aramid Paper (Nomex) (0.194 mm) | 10 UD-plies CFRP Orientation: (1 mm) | 2 UD-plies GFRP Orientation: ] (0.2 mm) | Honeycomb | 0.218 | |
FHR-Type 1 | Square Cells | 0.240 | |||||
FHR-Type 2 | PA6-GF–2/2 Twill Weave (1 mm) | PA6-GF–2/2 Twill Weave (1 mm) | PA6-GF–2/2 Twill Weave (1 mm) | PA6-GF–2/2 Twill Weave (1 mm) | Square Cells | 0.573 |
Material | Nomex with Phenolic Resin | PVC-Rigid Foam Core | Carbon Fiber with Epoxy Resin–Unidirectional- (Woven Fabric) | PA6-GF E-Glass | Glass Fiber with Epoxy Resin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Youngs Modulus [MPa] | 6034 | 70 | 129,000 (61,000) | 18,000 | 29,700 |
Youngs Modulus [MPa] | 5263 | 70 | 7380 (61,000) | 18,000 | 29,700 |
Youngs Modulus [MPa] | 4427 | 70 | 7380 (6900) | 22,000 | 8600 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.316 | 0.3 | 0.319 (0.04) | 0.17 | 0.17 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.327 | 0.3 | 0.319 (0.3) | 0.17 | 0.17 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.317 | 0.3 | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.49 | 0.17 |
Shear Modulus [MPa] | 2142 | 27 | 4480 (3300) | 7692 | 5300 |
Shear Modulus [MPa] | 1588 | 27 | 4480 (2700) | 7692 | 3070 |
Shear Modulus [MPa] | 1865 | 27 | 2636 (2700) | 7382 | 3070 |
Density [] | 1185 | 60 | 1560 (1420) | 1800 | 2200 |
Fiber processing type | - | - | Unidirectional (Twill Weave 2/2) | Twill 2/2 | Twill 2/2 |
Stress limits | |||||
Tensile Strength [MPa] | 62.3 | 1.5 | 2553 (805) | 380 | 367 |
Tensile Strength [MPa] | 48.2 | 1.5 | 42 (805) | 380 | 367 |
Tensile Strength [MPa] | 48.2 | 1.5 | 42 (50) | - | 128 |
Compression Strength [MPa] | −85 | 0.96 | 1239 (509) | - | 549 |
Compression Strength [MPa] | −78 | 0.96 | 199 (509) | - | 549 |
Compression Strength [MPa] | −78 | 0.96 | 199 (170) | - | 39 |
Shear strength [MPa] | 71.8 | 0.93 | 138 (125) | 64 | 97 |
Shear strength [MPa] | 71.8 | 0.93 | 138 (65) | 64 | 97 |
Shear strength [MPa] | 71.8 | 0.93 | 138 (65) | 64 | 97 |
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Neubauer, M.; Genßler, J.; Radmann, V.; Kohlenberg, F.; Pohl, M.; Böhme, K.; Knobloch, K.; Sarradj, E.; Höschler, K.; Modler, N.; et al. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Novel Acoustic Liners and Their Design for Aero-Engine Applications. Aerospace 2023, 10, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010005
Neubauer M, Genßler J, Radmann V, Kohlenberg F, Pohl M, Böhme K, Knobloch K, Sarradj E, Höschler K, Modler N, et al. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Novel Acoustic Liners and Their Design for Aero-Engine Applications. Aerospace. 2023; 10(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeubauer, Moritz, Julia Genßler, Vincent Radmann, Fleming Kohlenberg, Michael Pohl, Kurt Böhme, Karsten Knobloch, Ennes Sarradj, Klaus Höschler, Niels Modler, and et al. 2023. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Novel Acoustic Liners and Their Design for Aero-Engine Applications" Aerospace 10, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010005