Micro-Scale Variability of Air Temperature within a Local Climate Zone in Berlin, Germany, during Summer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- How large is the intra-LCZ variability within one LCZ and can it be explained by micro-scale characteristics around the measurement sites?
- (2)
- What influence does the adjacent urban green space as a distinctly different LCZ have onto the regime within the study area?
- (3)
- How do the intra-LCZ within the study area compare to between different LCZ classes within Berlin?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Local Climate Zone Classification
2.2. Measurement Campaign
2.3. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. Air Temperature Variability within the Schillerkiez
3.2. Influence of Neighbouring Green Space (LCZ D)
3.3. Correlation between T and Micro-Scale Morphometric Parameters
3.4. Comparison with T in Other LCZs
4. Discussion
4.1. Air Temperature Variability within the LCZ and Influence of Micro-Scale Morphometric Parameters
4.1.1. Night-Time Situation
4.1.2. Daytime Situation
4.1.3. The Exceptional Site “Courtyard”
4.2. Influence of the Neighbouring Urban Green Space
4.3. Comparison with T in Other LCZs
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Site (Operator) | Schillerkiez | BAMB (UCON) Bamberger Straße | KANI (DWD) Berlin-Kaniswall | KOEP (UCON) Köpenick |
Latitude, Longitude (°) | 52.475 N, 13.422 E | 52.4964 N, 13.3375 E | 52.4040 N, 13.7309 E | 52.4330 N,13.6157 E |
Elevation (m amsl) | 53 | 36 | 33 | 36 |
Building/Pervious/Impervious and bare soil surface fraction (-) | 0.40/0.26/0.34 | 0.34/0.33/0.32 | 0.01/0.37/0.56 | 0.00/0.99/0.01 |
Mean building/Vegetation height (m) | 19.4/10.2 | 20.8/9.5 | 3.4/7.2 | -/14.4 |
SVFarea (-) | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.9 | 0.06 |
LCZ class | 2B—compact mid-rise with scattered trees | 2B—compact mid-rise with scattered trees | B—scattered trees | A—dense trees |
Aerial view (250 m radius) | ||||
Sensor (all with white radiation shields) | Driesen + Kern GmbH DK390-DM-4M HandyLog (11 sensors, c.f. Figure 1b), passive ventilation | Campbell CS215, active ventilation during sunlit periods | Eigenbrodt LTS2000, active ventilation | Campbell CS215, active ventilation during sunlit periods |
Height (m agl) | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 |
Comment | Sensor attached to balcony | Sensor below tree canopy | ||
Site (Operator) | ROTH (UCON) Rothenburgstraße | SCHN (DWD) Berlin-Schönefeld | SWIN (UCON) Swinemünder Straße | TEMP (DWD) Berlin-Tempelhof |
Latitude, Longitude (°) | 52.4572 N, 13.3158 E | 52.3807 N, 13.5306 E | 52.5431 N, 13.3969 E | 52.4675 N, 13.4021 E |
Elevation (m amsl) | 47 | 46 | 47 | 48 |
Building/Pervious/Impervious and bare soil surface fraction (-) | 0.19/0.61/0.19 | -/-/- | 0.24/0.40/0.35 | 0.1/81.2/18.7 |
Building/Vegetation height (m) | 12.4/9.9 | -/- | 16.4/6.9 | 3.0/0.2 |
SVFarea (-) | 0.23 | - | 0.34 | 0.96 |
LCZ class | 62014open low-rise | D—low plants | 5—open midrise | D—low plants |
Aerial view (250 m radius) | ||||
Sensor (all with white radiation shields) | Campbell CS215, active ventilation during sunlit periods | Eigenbrodt LTS2000, active ventilation | Campbell CS215, active ventilation during sunlit periods | Eigenbrodt LTS2000, active ventilation |
Height (m agl) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Comment | Airport station, located on grassland |
Site | Latitude, Longitude (°) | fB/fV (-) | SVFarea/SVFphoto (-) | Fish-Eye Photograph | Street Orientation | Distance to Border of THF (m) | Site Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 52.47439 N, 13.41918 E | 0.14/0.57 | 0.48/0.44 | N-S | 13 | ||
2 | 52.47430 N, 13.41961 E | 0.25/0.50 | 0.29/0.37 | W-E | 40 | ||
3 | 52.47434 N, 13.42004 E | 0.31/0.45 | 0.24/0.30 | W-E | 70 | ||
4 | 52.47442 N, 13.42080 E | 0.36/0.31 | 0.23/0.42 | W-E | 122 | ||
5 | 52.47449 N, 13.42137 E | 0.43/0.20 | 0.24/0.32 | W-E | 162 | ||
6 | 52.47497 N, 13.42570 E | 0.47/0.15 | 0.24/0.36 | W-E | 488 | ||
7 | 52.47412 N, 13.42098 E | 0.36/0.39 | 0.22/0.11 | N-S | 153 | ||
8 | 52.47441 N, 13.42288 E | 0.24/0.48 | 0.24/0.19 | N-S | 259 | ||
9 | 52.47519 N, 13.42571 E | 0.53/0.19 | 0.17/0.048 | courtyard | 452 | ||
10 | 52.47749 N, 13.42211 E | 0.25/0.44 | 0.27/0.41 | roundabout | 271 | ||
11 | 52.47893 N, 13.42387 E | 0.46/0.27 | 0.13/0.16 | W-E | 434 |
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Quanz, J.A.; Ulrich, S.; Fenner, D.; Holtmann, A.; Eimermacher, J. Micro-Scale Variability of Air Temperature within a Local Climate Zone in Berlin, Germany, during Summer. Climate 2018, 6, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6010005
Quanz JA, Ulrich S, Fenner D, Holtmann A, Eimermacher J. Micro-Scale Variability of Air Temperature within a Local Climate Zone in Berlin, Germany, during Summer. Climate. 2018; 6(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuanz, Justus A., Susanne Ulrich, Daniel Fenner, Achim Holtmann, and Jonas Eimermacher. 2018. "Micro-Scale Variability of Air Temperature within a Local Climate Zone in Berlin, Germany, during Summer" Climate 6, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6010005