Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Variation in Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Corchorus olitorius after Cadmium Treatment
2.2. Cadmium Accumulation and Translocation
3. Discussion
3.1. Effect of Cadmium on Morphometric Features of Corchorus olitorius
3.2. Phytoremediation Potential of C. olitorius
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Soil Properties, Seed Sourcing, Study Area and Experimental Design
4.2. Measurement of Agronomic Traits
4.3. Cadmium Content of Plant Parts
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conc. (mg/kg) | GP (%) | RL (cm) | PH (cm) | SG (mm) | NB | NL | LA (cm2) | LCC (mg/cm2) | LFM (g) | SFM (g) | RFM (g) | LDM (g) | SDM (g) | RDM (g) | LMC (%) | SMC (%) | RMC (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 95.0 a,b | 25.0 b | 44.4 a | 5.3 a | 10 a,b | 24.6 a | 45.7 a | 49.8 a | 7.8 a | 5.3 b | 1.3 a,b | 1.08 b | 0.7 b | 0.5 a | 84.9 a | 87.2 a,b,c | 58.6 d |
5 | 100.0 a | 31.8 a | 24.6 b | 4.4 b | 12 a | 15.4 b | 30.8 b | 20.4 b | 7.1 a | 6.8 a | 1.6 a | 1.6 a | 1.09 a | 0.4 a | 78.1 a,b | 84.7 c | 75.7 b |
10 | 93.0 a,b | 25.0 b | 16.0 c | 3.7 b,c | 8.2 b | 11.6 c | 14.7 c | 23.5 b | 7.5 a | 5.3 b | 1.2 b | 0.6 d | 0.56 c | 0.2 b | 86.1 a | 90.9 a | 84.4 a |
15 | 94.0 a,b | 21.2 c | 15.8 c | 3.6 c | 6.6 b,c | 12.4 b,c | 15.2 c | 17.0 c | 5.3 b | 4.7 b | 0.8 c | 0.9 b | 0.62 b c | 0.2 b | 83.2 a | 86 b,c | 66.2 c,d |
20 | 89.0 b | 12.2 d | 15.0 c | 3.2 c | 3.4 c | 11.6 c | 17.3 c | 10.4 d | 2.9c | 2.0 c | 0.8 c | 0.85 c | 0.24 d | 0.18 b | 65.2 b | 89 a,b | 70.5 b,c |
Mean | 94.2 | 19.2 | 23.2 | 4.1 | 8.0 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 24.2 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.31 | 79.5 | 87.6 | 71.1 |
CV% | 5.7 | 5.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 26.9 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 9.2 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 11.7 | 8.0 | 1.6 | 3.9 |
LSD | 6.85 | 1.38 | 2.95 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 11.98 | 2.6 | 5.2 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.004 | <0.001 |
Conc. (mg/kg) | PN | PL (cm) | PM (g) | SPP | TSM (mg) | 100-SM (mg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 7.0 a | 6.3 a | 5.5 a | 118.5 a | 123.0 b | 104.0 b |
5 | 6.5 a | 6.2 b | 5.2 a | 115.8 a | 180.8 a | 160.0 a |
Mean | 6.75 | 6.27 | 5.36 | 117.13 | 151.88 | 132.00 |
p-value | 0.780 | 0.044 | 0.562 | 0.813 | 0.048 | 0.001 |
Harvest Stage (Days after Sowing) | Cd Conc. in the Soil (mg/kg) | Cd Conc. in Plant Parts (mg/kg) | |
---|---|---|---|
Roots | Shoots | ||
44 | 0 | 0.0 i | 0.0 i |
5 | 512.5 h | 812.5 f,g | |
10 | 920.0 d,e,f | 1067.5 d | |
15 | 792.5 f,g | 1337.5 c | |
20 | 122.5 i | 1425.0 c | |
85 | 0 | 0.0 i | 0.0 i |
5 | 392.5 h | 900.0 e,f | |
10 | 685.0 g | 1450.0 c | |
15 | 1047.5 d,e | 1625.0 b | |
20 | 1342.5 c | 1942.5 a | |
Mean | 582 | 1056.0 | |
CV% | 11.8 | 3.8 | |
LSD | 99.5 | 58.57 | |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Harvest Stage (Days after Sowing) | Cd Concentration (mg/kg) | Translocation Factor |
---|---|---|
44 | 0 | 0.0 e |
5 | 1.59 c,d | |
10 | 1.16 d | |
15 | 1.69 b,c,d | |
20 | 11.66 a | |
85 | 0 | 0.0 e |
5 | 2.30 b | |
10 | 2.12 b,c | |
15 | 1.55 c,d | |
20 | 1.48 c,d | |
Mean | 2.35 | |
CV% | 11.9 | |
LSD | 0.41 | |
p-value | <0.001 |
Soil Property | Value (mg/kg) |
---|---|
P | 10.1 |
K | 169.9 |
Mg | 1432.3 |
Na | 525.4 |
Zn | 22.4 |
Cu | 2.7 |
Mn | 6.0 |
Fe | 395.0 |
pH | 4.5 |
Clay content | 23.0% |
Organic matter | 4.3% |
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Ndlovu, S.; Pullabhotla, R.V.S.R.; Ntuli, N.R. Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil. Plants 2020, 9, 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091200
Ndlovu S, Pullabhotla RVSR, Ntuli NR. Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091200
Chicago/Turabian StyleNdlovu, Sibongokuhle, Rajasekhar V.S.R. Pullabhotla, and Nontuthuko R. Ntuli. 2020. "Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil" Plants 9, no. 9: 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091200