Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones in Mammals
3. Heterologous Production of Androsteroids
4. Microbial Biotransformation for Production of Steroids
5. Recent Developments in Microbial Biotransformation
6. Biosynthesis of Androsteroids in Plants
7. Biosynthesis of Pregnenolone and Progesterone in Plants
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substrate | Product | Organism | Process | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Soybean phytosterols (stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol) | AD, ADD | Mycobacterium neoaurum NwIB-01 | KstD overexpression to increase production and purity of ADD | [24] |
Androstenedione or cholesterol | TS | Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 | Comamonas testosteroni or Cochliobolus lunatus 17β-HSD heterologous overexpression | [25] |
Phytosterols mixture: 51.7% of β-sitosterol, 27.2% of stigmasterol, 17.1% of campesterol, and 4.0% of brassicasterol | AD, ADD | Mycobacterium neoaurum TCCC 11978 | CYP125-3 overexpression | [26] |
Phytosterols from untreated cane molasses | AD, 9OH-AD | Mycobacterium neoaurum TCCC 11978; Mycobacterium fortuitum TCCC 111744 | Co-expression of the PCC subunit beta and type II NADH dehydrogenase | [27] |
Phytosterols | 9OH-AD, 4-HBC | Mycobacterium neoaurum ATCC 25795 | Neutralization of extra production of ROS through catalase overexpression and mycothiol or ergothioneine augmentation | [28] |
Phytosterols | ADD | Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12 | Increase NAD+ formation through heterologous expression of B. subtilis nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase and overexpression of catalase | [29] |
Phytosterols | AD | Mycobacterium neoaurum TCCC 11978; Mycobacterium fortuitum TCCC 111744 | Type II NADH dehydrogenase overexpression, repeated batch fermentations | [27] |
Androstenedione | TS | Rhodococcus ruber Chol-4 | Cochliobolus lunatus 17-ketosteroid reductase heterologous overexpression | [18] |
Phytosterols | AD | Mycobacterium neoaurum TCCC 11978 | Repression of propionyl-CoA metabolism. 2-methylcitrate cycle pathway prpDBC overexpression and nitrogen transcription regulator GlnR deletion | [30] |
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Batth, R.; Nicolle, C.; Cuciurean, I.S.; Simonsen, H.T. Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids. Plants 2020, 9, 1144. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091144
Batth R, Nicolle C, Cuciurean IS, Simonsen HT. Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1144. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091144
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatth, Rituraj, Clément Nicolle, Ilenuta Simina Cuciurean, and Henrik Toft Simonsen. 2020. "Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids" Plants 9, no. 9: 1144. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091144