Genetic Structure of Invasive Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) Populations in a Michigan Dune System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Microsatellite Genotyping and Genetic Diversity
2.2. Genetic Structure
2.3. Landscape Genetics
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area and Sampling Collection
4.2. Microsatellite Genotyping
4.3. Quality Control
4.4. nSSR Genetic Diversity
4.5. nSSR Genetic Structure
4.6. cpSSR Genetic Diversity
4.7. nSSR and cpSSR Genetic Structure
4.8. Landscape Genetics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Locations | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GM | PS | TC | GHB | SBP | DC | DP | EB | PB | SB | ZP | AD | |
N | 35 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 25 | 23 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 30 |
nSSR | ||||||||||||
HO | 0.25 (0.06) | 0.32 (0.07) | 0.31 (0.05) | 0.53 (0.06) | 0.50 (0.05) | 0.49 (0.06) | 0.54 (0.05) | 0.50 (0.07) | 0.56 (0.06) | 0.51 (0.05) | 0.56 (0.05) | 0.50 (0.5) |
HE | 0.30 (0.07) | 0.33 (0.07) | 0.33 (0.05) | 0.56 (0.05) | 0.55 (0.05) | 0.53 (0.06) | 0.57 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.56 (0.05) | 0.52 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.05) | 0.54 (0.04) |
FIS | 0.14 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.04) | −0.05 (0.3) | 0.06 (0.07) |
I | 0.56 (0.18) | 0.55 (0.11) | 0.58 (0.1) | 1.07 (0.13) | 1.02 (0.11) | 1.01 (0.14) | 1.07 (0.13) | 0.96 (0.14) | 1.06 (0.14) | 1.02 (0.12) | 1.05 (0.12) | 0.92 (0.10) |
% Poly Loci | 85.71 | 85.7 | 92.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 92.86 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
AR | 2.66 | 2.32 | 2.54 | 3.97 | 3.75 | 3.92 | 3.99 | 3.66 | 4.07 | 4.21 | 4.19 | 3.12 |
cpSSR | ||||||||||||
NH | 2 P | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
HR | 0.991 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.897 | 0 |
GM | PS | TC | GHB | SBP | DC | DP | EB | PB | SB | ZP | AD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GM | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
PS | 0.22 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
TC | 0.15 | 0.12 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
GHB | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.22 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
SBP | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.05 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
DC | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.04 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
DP | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
EB | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | − | − | − | − | − |
PB | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.11 | − | − | − | − |
SB | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | − | − | − |
ZP | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.02 | − | − |
AD | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | − |
Surface | k | AIC | AICc | R2m | R2c | LL | Delta.AICc | Weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR, SE, TPI | 10 | −166.71 | −264.71 | 0.28 | 0.68 | 87.36 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
LC, SAR, SE | 11 | −167.23 | −241.23 | 0.30 | 0.68 | 87.62 | 23.48 | 0.00 |
LC, SAR, TPI | 11 | −166.75 | −240.75 | 0.26 | 0.67 | 87.38 | 23.96 | 0.00 |
LC, SE, TPI | 11 | −166.04 | −240.04 | 0.21 | 0.69 | 87.02 | 24.67 | 0.00 |
Distance | 2 | −164.88 | −166.88 | 0.19 | 0.71 | 86.44 | 97.83 | 0.00 |
Null | 1 | −159.82 | −163.25 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 82.91 | 101.46 | 0.00 |
SAR | 4 | −166.90 | −156.90 | 0.29 | 0.68 | 87.45 | 107.82 | 0.00 |
SE | 4 | −166.66 | −156.66 | 0.26 | 0.67 | 87.33 | 108.06 | 0.00 |
TPI | 4 | −166.03 | −156.03 | 0.24 | 0.70 | 87.01 | 108.69 | 0.00 |
LC | 5 | −168.28 | −146.28 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 88.14 | 118.44 | 0.00 |
SAR, SE | 7 | −166.82 | −48.82 | 0.28 | 0.68 | 87.41 | 215.90 | 0.00 |
SAR, TPI | 7 | −166.82 | −48.82 | 0.28 | 0.68 | 87.41 | 215.90 | 0.00 |
SE, TPI | 7 | −166.30 | −48.30 | 0.24 | 0.68 | 87.15 | 216.41 | 0.00 |
LC, SAR | 8 | −167.49 | Inf | 0.31 | 0.68 | 87.74 | Inf | 0.00 |
LC, SE | 8 | −166.01 | Inf | 0.21 | 0.68 | 87.00 | Inf | 0.00 |
LC, TPI | 8 | −165.88 | Inf | 0.18 | 0.69 | 86.94 | Inf | 0.00 |
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Leimbach-Maus, H.B.; McCluskey, E.M.; Locher, A.; Parks, S.R.; Partridge, C.G. Genetic Structure of Invasive Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) Populations in a Michigan Dune System. Plants 2020, 9, 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091123
Leimbach-Maus HB, McCluskey EM, Locher A, Parks SR, Partridge CG. Genetic Structure of Invasive Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) Populations in a Michigan Dune System. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091123
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeimbach-Maus, Hailee B., Eric M. McCluskey, Alexandra Locher, Syndell R. Parks, and Charlyn G. Partridge. 2020. "Genetic Structure of Invasive Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) Populations in a Michigan Dune System" Plants 9, no. 9: 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091123