Plukenetia huayllabambana Fruits: Analysis of Bioactive Compounds, Antibacterial Activity and Relative Action Mechanisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. GC–MS Profiling of Potential Bioactive Phytoconstituents
2.2. Antibacterial Activity
2.3. Antibacterial Action Mechanisms
2.3.1. Antimicrobial Efficacy Testing
2.3.2. Action on the Cell Membrane
2.3.3. Action on H+-ATPase-Mediated Proton Pumping
2.3.4. Action on Biofilm Formation
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
3.2. Plant Material
3.3. Extraction Process of Plant Material
3.4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) Analysis
3.5. Bacteria Strains
3.6. INT Colorimetric Assay for MIC and MBC Determination
3.7. Action Mechanisms
3.7.1. Antimicrobial Efficacy Testing
3.7.2. Action on Cell Membrane Integrity: Measurement of Intracellular Components (DNA/RNA)
3.7.3. Action on Membrane Permeability
3.7.4. Action on H+-ATPase-Mediated Proton Pumping
3.7.5. Action on Biofilm Formation
3.8. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PK | RT (min) | Chemical Formula | Compounds | Area% | Match % ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 23.503 | C18H36O | Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 0.9 | 90.2 |
2 | 23.89 | C16H22O4 | Diisobutyl phthalate | 0.69 | 85.7 |
3 | 25.198 | C17H34O2 | Methyl palmitate | 3.05 | 92.6 |
4 | 25.967 | C16H32O2 | palmitic acid | 11.41 | 93.6 |
5 | 28.375 | C19H34O2 | Methyl linoleate | 1.97 | 90.4 |
6 | 28.507 | C19H36O2 | Methyl oleate | 5.36 | 92.4 |
7 | 28.682 | C20H40O | Phytol | 1.96 | 89.5 |
8 | 29.001 | C19H38O2 | Methyl stearate | 1.57 | 88.1 |
9 | 29.314 | C18H34O2 | Oleic acid | 46.55 | 92.4 |
10 | 29.695 | C18H34O2 | Octadeca-11-enoic acid | 7.79 | 87.4 |
11 | 46.384 | C29H50O | beta-Sitosterol | 8.3 | 87.3 |
Bacteria Strains | MICs (mg/mL) of Crude MeOH Extract and Fractions * of P. huayllabambana | METH | STR | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MeOH | n-Hex | DCM | EA | n-BuOH | ||||
Gram-negative | S. enterica | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.064 | 0.004 |
E. cloacae | 1 | 1 | >1 | 1 | >1 | >0.256 | 0.064 | |
K. pneumoniae | 1 | 1 | >1 | 1 | >1 | >0.256 | >0.256 | |
Gram-positive | S. aureus | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | >1 | 0.125 | 0.004 |
E. faecalis | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | >1 | 0.032 | 0.125 |
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Seukep, A.J.; Fan, M.; Sarker, S.D.; Kuete, V.; Guo, M.-Q. Plukenetia huayllabambana Fruits: Analysis of Bioactive Compounds, Antibacterial Activity and Relative Action Mechanisms. Plants 2020, 9, 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091111
Seukep AJ, Fan M, Sarker SD, Kuete V, Guo M-Q. Plukenetia huayllabambana Fruits: Analysis of Bioactive Compounds, Antibacterial Activity and Relative Action Mechanisms. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091111
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeukep, Armel Jackson, Minxia Fan, Satyajit Dey Sarker, Victor Kuete, and Ming-Quan Guo. 2020. "Plukenetia huayllabambana Fruits: Analysis of Bioactive Compounds, Antibacterial Activity and Relative Action Mechanisms" Plants 9, no. 9: 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091111