Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Bituminaria basaltica and B. bituminosa (Fabaceae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphometric Analysis, Seed Coat Structure, and Water Imbibition Test
2.2. Effect of Dormancy-Breaking Treatments on Germination Behavior
2.3. Pod Maturity Stages and Seed Germination Behavior over Time
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Species and Sampling Strategy
4.2. Morphometric Analysis and Seed Coat Anatomical Structure
4.3. Seed Dormancy-Breaking Treatments and Germination Assessment
4.4. Effect of Pod Maturity Stage and Storage Conditions on Germination Behavior
4.5. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Date | Site | Elevation m a.s.l. | Coordinates (WGS84) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude | Longitude | ||||
Bituminaria basaltica | July 2015 | Filicudi (Messina, Italy) | 283 | 38° 34′ 07.70” | 14° 34′ 14.99” |
Bituminaria bituminosa | July 2015 | Fiumefreddo di Sicilia (Catania, Italy) | 123 | 37° 48′ 12.56” | 15° 11′ 51.56” |
Treatment | Maturity Stage | Seed Age | Storage Condition | Immersion Time | Incubation Temperature | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Untreated—B. basaltica | GF | 1 | - | - | 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | |
GF | 180 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | ||
Untreated—B. bituminosa | BD | 1 | - | - | 20 °C | |
BH | 1 | - | - | 20 °C | ||
Y | 1 | - | - | 20 °C | ||
GY | 1 | - | - | 20 °C | ||
GF | 1 | - | - | 20 °C | ||
BD | 420 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
BH | 420 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
Y | 420 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
GY | 420 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
GF | 420 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
BD | 420 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
BH | 420 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
Y | 420 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
GY | 420 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
GF | 420 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 20 °C | ||
GF | 180 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | ||
BD | 180 | 5 ± 1 °C | - | 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | ||
Mechanical | needle pin | BD | 270 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 15/10, 20/10, 20/15 25/20 °C |
BD | 800 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 15/10, 20/10, 20/15, 25/20 °C 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | ||
Thermal | boiling water gradually cooling | BD | 300 | 22 ± 2 °C | 5, 10, 15, 30, 1440 min | 20/15, 25/20 °C |
70, 100 °C hot constant water | BD | 700 | 22 ± 2 °C | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min | 20/15, 25/20 °C 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | |
70, 80, 90, 100 °C hot constant water | BD | 840 | 22 ± 2 °C | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min | 25/20 °C | |
Chemical | H2SO4 (98%) | BD | 450 | 22 ± 2 °C | 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 min | 20/15, 25/20 °C 15, 20, 25 °C |
Control | BD | 270 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 15/10, 20/10, 20/15, 25/20 °C | |
BD | 700 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 20/15, 25/20 °C 10, 15, 20, 25 °C | ||
BD | 800 | 22 ± 2 °C | - | 15/10, 20/10, 20/15, 25/20 °C 10, 15, 20, 25 °C |
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Share and Cite
Carruggio, F.; Onofri, A.; Impelluso, C.; Giusso del Galdo, G.; Scopece, G.; Cristaudo, A. Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Bituminaria basaltica and B. bituminosa (Fabaceae). Plants 2020, 9, 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091110
Carruggio F, Onofri A, Impelluso C, Giusso del Galdo G, Scopece G, Cristaudo A. Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Bituminaria basaltica and B. bituminosa (Fabaceae). Plants. 2020; 9(9):1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091110
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarruggio, Francesca, Andrea Onofri, Carmen Impelluso, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo, Giovanni Scopece, and Antonia Cristaudo. 2020. "Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Bituminaria basaltica and B. bituminosa (Fabaceae)" Plants 9, no. 9: 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091110