Screening for Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm Using Germination and Seedling Traits under Simulated Drought Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Variation in Germination and Abnormal Seedlings Percentage
3.2. Variation in Seedling’s Traits
3.3. Variation in Leaf Length, Width, and RWC
3.4. Heritability of Traits in Control and PEG-Stressed Traits
3.5. Correlations of Traits under Control and PEG Stress
3.6. Screening for Drought-Tolerant Traits and Accessions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Accession | GI 10% | GI 15% | GI 20% | AS DTI10 | AS DTI15 | AS DTI20 | ShL1 DTI | RL1 DTI | ShFW DTI | RFW DTI | ShDW DTI | RDW DTI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zea 12 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.64 | 0.86 | 4.71 | 4.57 | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 0.60 | 0.45 | 0.69 |
Zea242 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.50 | 3.50 | 10.5 | 0.42 | 0.82 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.81 |
Zea323 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 1.50 | 8.50 | 18.0 | 0.42 | 0.85 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 0.76 |
Zea355 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 5.71 | 6.71 | 0.24 | 0.62 | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.30 | 0.52 |
Zea382 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 0.49 | 0.79 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.79 |
Zea394 | 0.94 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 3.80 | 7.60 | 0.44 | 0.83 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.85 |
Zea487 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 5.33 | 5.83 | 0.41 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.66 |
Zea630 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 4.00 | 5.50 | 10.0 | 0.54 | 0.93 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 0.31 |
Zea633 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.84 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 0.59 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 0.55 | 0.72 | 0.93 |
Zea668 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.76 | 2.00 | 7.60 | 7.58 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.80 |
Zea677 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.64 | 1.78 | 2.89 | 3.22 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.34 | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.37 |
Zea711 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 8.00 | 27.0 | 37.0 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.67 | 0.69 |
Zea1006 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 1.83 | 2.17 | 5.33 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.88 |
Zea1015 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 3.25 | 3.00 | 6.75 | 0.51 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.85 |
Zea1019 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 2.33 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 0.58 | 0.73 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.78 | 0.77 |
Zea1062 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 14.1 | 23.1 | 32.1 | 0.37 | 0.77 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.53 |
Zea1102 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.86 | 6.00 | 12.00 | 20.0 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.95 |
Zea1114 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.72 | 3.00 | 8.33 | 9.33 | 0.48 | 0.84 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.59 | 0.81 |
Zea1121 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 3.04 | 6.30 | 7.41 | 0.65 | 1.01 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.92 |
Zea1224 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.96 |
Zea3002 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.74 | 2.24 | 3.92 | 3.14 | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.36 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.63 |
Zea3065 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 5.35 | 4.87 | 12.0 | 0.23 | 0.63 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.41 |
Zea3175 | 0.98 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 2.36 | 2.50 | 4.23 | 0.30 | 0.64 | 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.81 |
Zea3244 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.64 | 2.33 | 2.27 | 2.80 | ||||||
Zea3257 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.74 | 2.33 | 4.33 | 6.67 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.35 | 0.40 |
Zea3280 | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.75 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 10.0 | 0.33 | 0.75 | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.58 |
Zea3282 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 2.17 | 2.00 | 3.83 | 0.38 | 0.85 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.58 |
Zea3301 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 2.29 | 2.57 | 2.57 | 0.28 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.80 |
Zea3324 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 2.75 | 4.10 | 5.10 | 0.27 | 0.63 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
Zea3325 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 15.0 | 0.37 | 0.82 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.55 |
Zea3346 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 2.20 | 3.80 | 6.60 | 0.38 | 1.00 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.67 |
Zea3392 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.73 | 4.00 | 3.40 | 7.00 | 0.24 | 0.63 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.55 |
Zea3400 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 3.49 | 5.66 | 6.17 | 0.22 | 0.84 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.76 |
Zea3424 | 1.02 | 0.88 | 0.70 | 1.83 | 2.44 | 6.72 | 0.32 | 0.78 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.74 |
Zea3425 | 0.99 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 1.19 | 3.50 | 3.85 | 0.40 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.60 |
Zea3576 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 6.00 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.57 | 0.73 |
Zea3582 | 1.00 | 0.81 | 0.75 | 6.33 | 5.33 | 7.33 | 0.37 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.52 |
Zea3602 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.74 | 5.67 | 5.67 | 5.50 | 0.32 | 0.78 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.55 |
Zea3712 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 2.75 | 3.75 | 6.00 | 0.40 | 0.85 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.79 |
ZeaIW237 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 3.33 | 6.33 | 7.67 | 0.31 | 0.77 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.58 |
Accession | ShL2 DTI10 | ShFW2 DTI10 | ShDW2 DTI10 | RL2 DTI10 | RFW2 DTI10 | RDW2 DTI10 | ShL2 DTI15 | ShFW2 DTI15 | ShDW2 DTI15 | RL2 DTI15 | RFW2 DTI15 | RDW2 DTI15 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zea 12 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.74 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.25 | 0.29 |
Zea242 | 0.93 | 0.63 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.90 | 0.64 | 0.47 | 0.87 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.59 |
Zea323 | 0.81 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.49 | 0.56 |
Zea355 | 0.75 | 0.64 | 0.85 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.36 | 0.48 |
Zea382 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.48 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.65 |
Zea394 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.80 | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.56 |
Zea487 | 0.66 | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.65 |
Zea630 | 0.88 | 0.65 | 0.85 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.85 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 0.64 | 0.34 | 0.73 |
Zea633 | 0.81 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.42 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 0.32 | 0.77 | 0.64 | 0.33 | 0.44 |
Zea668 | 0.82 | 0.47 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.42 | 0.84 | 0.61 | 0.34 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.27 | 0.67 |
Zea677 | 0.89 | 0.66 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.51 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.65 |
Zea711 | 0.93 | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.43 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.46 | 0.79 |
Zea1006 | 0.73 | 0.63 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.98 | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.35 | 0.70 |
Zea1015 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.64 | 0.90 | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 0.55 | 0.76 |
Zea1019 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.71 | 0.91 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.59 |
Zea1062 | 0.88 | 0.67 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.61 | 0.39 | 0.80 | 0.59 | 0.32 | 0.61 |
Zea1102 | 0.78 | 0.53 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 0.37 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 0.42 | 0.83 |
Zea1114 | 0.69 | 0.57 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.41 | 0.86 | 0.64 | 0.34 | 0.63 |
Zea1121 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.55 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 0.43 |
Zea1224 | 0.71 | 0.34 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.94 | 0.54 | 0.31 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
Zea3002 | 0.93 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.88 |
Zea3065 | 0.64 | 0.47 | 0.85 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.87 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.21 | 0.55 |
Zea3175 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.79 | 0.55 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.79 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.42 |
Zea3244 | 0.80 | 0.51 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.59 | 0.22 | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.22 | 0.40 |
Zea3257 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.86 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.55 |
Zea3280 | 0.75 | 0.39 | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 0.45 | 0.23 | 0.75 | 0.63 | 0.44 | 0.77 |
Zea3282 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.79 | 0.67 | 0.28 | 0.54 |
Zea3301 | 0.79 | 0.59 | 0.82 | 0.47 | 0.77 | 0.89 | 0.37 | 0.31 | 0.82 | 0.67 | 0.21 | 0.62 |
Zea3324 | 0.56 | 0.40 | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 0.24 | 0.54 |
Zea3325 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.57 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.81 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0.80 |
Zea3346 | 0.94 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.90 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0.70 |
Zea3392 | 0.70 | 0.48 | 0.70 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.87 | 0.41 | 0.21 | 0.70 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.68 |
Zea3400 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.41 |
Zea3424 | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.56 |
Zea3425 | 0.94 | 0.53 | 0.92 | 0.33 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.92 | 0.64 | 0.31 | 0.56 |
Zea3576 | 0.72 | 0.53 | 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.86 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.26 | 0.43 |
Zea3582 | 0.63 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.79 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.60 |
Zea3602 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.87 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.42 |
Zea3712 | 0.79 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.43 | 0.62 |
ZeaIW237 | 0.97 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.51 | 0.92 | 0.64 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.30 | 0.45 |
Accession | LL Index | LW Index | RWC INDEX |
---|---|---|---|
Zea 12 | 0.53 | 0.79 | 0.88 |
Zea242 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.87 |
Zea323 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.90 |
Zea355 | 0.58 | 0.84 | 0.88 |
Zea382 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.90 |
Zea394 | 0.77 | 0.94 | 0.88 |
Zea487 | 0.64 | 0.93 | 0.91 |
Zea630 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.94 |
Zea633 | 0.66 | 1.01 | 0.95 |
Zea668 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.89 |
Zea677 | 0.96 | 0.85 | 0.88 |
Zea711 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.93 |
Zea1006 | 0.74 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
Zea1015 | 0.68 | 0.92 | 0.97 |
Zea1019 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.95 |
Zea1062 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.94 |
Zea1102 | 0.57 | 0.77 | 0.96 |
Zea1114 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.89 |
Zea1121 | 0.73 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
Zea1224 | 0.65 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
Zea3002 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
Zea3065 | 0.59 | 0.97 | 0.96 |
Zea3175 | 0.60 | 0.89 | 0.93 |
Zea3244 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.86 |
Zea3257 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.87 |
Zea3280 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
Zea3282 | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.93 |
Zea3301 | 0.65 | 0.97 | 0.88 |
Zea3324 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.94 |
Zea3325 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.95 |
Zea3346 | 0.70 | 0.96 | 0.95 |
Zea3392 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
Zea3400 | 0.63 | 0.94 | 0.87 |
Zea3424 | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.92 |
Zea3425 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.90 |
Zea3576 | 0.56 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
Zea3582 | 0.70 | 0.96 | 0.95 |
Zea3602 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.95 |
Zea3712 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
ZeaIW237 | 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.94 |
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Serial | Accession ID | Accession Information | Country of Origin |
---|---|---|---|
01 | Zea 12 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Germany |
02 | Zea 242 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Germany |
03 | Zea 323 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. oryzoides Körn. | Soviet Union |
04 | Zea 355 | subsp saccharata (Körn.) Zhuk var. flavodulcis Körn. | Soviet Union |
05 | Zea 382 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Romania |
06 | Zea 394 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk.Ashoro Zairai. | Japan |
07 | Zea 487 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. rubropaleata Körn. | Greece |
08 | Zea 630 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | China |
09 | Zea 633 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. oryzoides Körn. | China |
10 | Zea 668 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. xantodon Alef. | Macedonia |
11 | Zea 677 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Hungary |
12 | Zea 711 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. oryzoides Körn. | Tschechnia |
13 | Zea 1006 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Libya |
14 | Zea 1015 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Libya |
15 | Zea 1019 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. oryzoides Körn. | Italy |
16 | Zea 1062 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. flavorubra Körn. | Korea |
17 | Zea 1102 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. | Korea |
18 | Zea 1114 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. Var. aurantiaca. | Italy |
19 | Zea 1121 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. | Austria |
20 | Zea 1224 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. gracillima Körn. | Rumania |
21 | Zea 3002 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. | Georgia |
22 | Zea 3065 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. leucodon Alef. | Georgia |
23 | Zea 3175 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. alba Alef. | Georgia |
24 | Zea 3244 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. oxyornis Körn. | Germany |
25 | Zea 3257 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. xantodon Alef. | Albania |
26 | Zea 3280 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Rumania |
27 | Zea 3282 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. Oarzan. | Rumania |
28 | Zea 3301 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Portugal |
29 | Zea 3324 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. | Albania |
30 | Zea 3325 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. leucodon Alef. | Albania |
31 | Zea 3346 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. caesia Alef. | USA |
32 | Zea 3392 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. rubra Bonaf. | Bulgaria |
33 | Zea 3400 | subsp semidentata Kuleshov. | Georgia |
34 | Zea 3424 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. rubropalata Körn. | Italy |
35 | Zea 3425 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. vulgata Körn. | Germany |
36 | Zea 3576 | subsp indurata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. alba Alef. | Italy |
37 | Zea 3582 | subsp semidentata Kuleshov. | Koroatia |
38 | Zea 3602 | subsp indentata (Sturtev) Zhuk. | Turkey |
39 | Zea 3712 | subsp everata (Sturtev) Zhuk. var. gracillima Körn. | Georgia |
40 | IW 237 | Cultivar. imported by the Agriculture Research Center | Egypt |
Trait | Abbreviation | Description/Methodology |
---|---|---|
Germination % | G% | Calculated as G% = n ÷ N × 100, where n is the number of germinated seeds (radicle ≥3 mm) and N is the total number of sown seeds |
Abnormal Seedling % | AS% | Seedlings that failed to develop into healthy seedlings after two weeks of sowing |
Shoot length | ShL | Maximum length of shoot measured from the point of attachment to grain (cm) |
Shoot Fresh weight | ShFW | Weight of fresh shoot detached from the grain and immediately weighed in grams. |
Shoot Dry weight | ShDW | Weight of dried fresh shoot put in kraft bag and dried in oven at 70 ± 5 °C for 48 h in grams. |
Root length | RL | Maximum length of fresh roots measured from the point of attachment to the grain (cm) |
Root Fresh Weight | RFW | Fresh weight of roots of each plant separated from the seed and immediately weighed in grams. |
Root Dry Weight | RDW | Weight of dried fresh roots put in kraft bag, dried in oven at 70 ± 5 °C for 48 h for complete drying in grams. |
Leaf Length | LL | Fifth leaf length of 21 days old seedlings in cm |
Leaf Width | LW | Fifth leaf maximum width of 21 days old seedling in cm |
Relative Leaf Water Content | RWC | RWC% calculated as: [(FM − DM)/(TM − DM)] × 100, where, FM, TM and DM, are the fresh, turgid and dry masses respectively of leaf disc weighed using Sartorius Cubis MSU balance in grams. |
Germination Drought Tolerance Index | G-DTI | G% under PEG drought/G% under control × 100 G-DTI10%, G-DTI15%, and G-DTI20% |
Abnormal Seedlings Drought Tolerance Index | AS-DTI | AS% under PEG drought/AS% under control × 100 AS-DTI10%, AS-DTI15%, and AS-DTI20%, |
Shoot Length Drought Tolerance Index | ShL-DTI | ShL under PEG drought/ShL under control × 100 ShL-DTI10% and ShL-DTI15% |
Shoot Fresh Weight Tolerance Index | ShFW-DTI | ShFW under PEG drought/ShFW under control × 100 ShFW-DTI10% and ShFW-DTI15% |
Shoot Dry Weight Drought Tolerance Index | ShDW-DTI | ShDW under PEG drought/ShDW under control × 100 ShDW-DTI10% and ShDW-DTI15% |
Root Length Drought Tolerance Index | RL-DTI | RL under PEG drought/RL under control × 100 RL-DTI10% and RL- RL-DTI15% |
Root Fresh Weight Drought Tolerance Index | RFW-DTI | RFW under PEG drought/RFW under control × 100 RFW-DTI10% and RFW-DTI15% |
Root Dry Weight Drought Tolerance Index | RDW-DTI | RDW under PEG drought/RDW under control × 100 RDW-DTI10% and RDW-DTI15% |
Leaf Length Drought Tolerance Index | LL-DTI10% | LL under PEG drought/LL under control × 100 |
Leaf Width Drought Tolerance Index | LW-DTI10% | LW under drought/LW under control × 100 |
Relative Water Content Drought Tolerance Index | RWC-DTI10% | RWC under PEG drought/RWC under control × 100 |
Trait | Control | 10% PEG Treatment | 15% PEG Treatment | 20% PEG Treatment | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Acc. | Herit | Mean | Acc. | Herit | Mean | Acc. | Herit | Mean | Acc. | Herit | |
G% | 94.28 | *** | 0.72 | 90.39 | *** | 0.71 | 83.86 | *** | 0.58 | 73.41 | *** | 0.58 |
AS% | 7.41 | *** | 0.76 | 17.68 | *** | 0.73 | 32.44 | *** | 0.77 | 48.68 | *** | 0.84 |
ShL1 | 13.09 | *** | 0.91 | 5.32 | *** | 0.97 | ||||||
ShFW1 | 0.550 | *** | 0.86 | 0.190 | *** | 0.86 | ||||||
ShDW1 | 0.056 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.189 | *** | 0.43 | ||||||
RL1 | 16.34 | *** | 0.60 | 13.00 | *** | 0.85 | ||||||
RFW1 | 0.382 | *** | 0.84 | 0.189 | *** | 0.89 | ||||||
RDW1 | 0.056 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.070 | 0.44 | 0.46 | ||||||
ShL2 | 28.68 | *** | 0.85 | 22.12 | *** | 0.81 | 13.86 | *** | 0.78 | |||
ShFW2 | 0.925 | *** | 0.83 | 0.529 | *** | 0.82 | 0.305 | *** | 0.72 | |||
ShDW2 | 0.084 | *** | 0.79 | 0.062 | *** | 0.80 | 0.045 | *** | 0.75 | |||
RL2 | 27.20 | *** | 0.82 | 19.87 | *** | 0.78 | 17.68 | *** | 0.79 | |||
RFW2 | 0.742 | *** | 0.89 | 0.485 | *** | 0.82 | 0.248 | *** | 0.76 | |||
RDW2 | 0.063 | *** | 0.85 | 0.052 | *** | 0.82 | 0.038 | *** | 0.76 | |||
LL | 20.63 | *** | 0.79 | 14.78 | *** | 0.64 | ||||||
LW | 0.954 | *** | 0.85 | 0.883 | *** | 0.85 | ||||||
RWC | 94.22 | *** | 0.85 | 86.56 | *** | 0.70 |
Trait | Control vs. 10% PEG | Control vs. 15% PEG | Control vs. 20% PEG | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Significance | LSD | Significance | LSD | Significance | LSD | |
G% | *** | 7.350 | *** | 8.98 | *** | 10.08 |
AS% | *** | 7.858 | *** | 9.22 | *** | 10.15 |
ShL1 | *** | 0.226 | ||||
ShFW1 | *** | 0.015 | ||||
ShDW1 | *** | 0.008 | ||||
RL1 | *** | 0.457 | ||||
RFW1 | *** | 0.107 | ||||
RDW1 | *** | 0.572 | ||||
ShL2 | *** | 0.822 | *** | 0.771 | ||
ShFW2 | *** | 0.043 | *** | 0.039 | ||
ShDW2 | *** | 0.010 | *** | 0.009 | ||
RL2 | *** | 0.835 | *** | 0.853 | ||
RFW2 | *** | 0.045 | *** | 0.039 | ||
RDW2 | *** | 0.003 | *** | 0.003 | ||
LL | *** | 0.618 | ||||
LW | *** | 0.026 | ||||
RWC | *** | 0.562 |
Serial | Accession ID | Number of Best Traits | Total | Number of Least Traits | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 10% | 15% | 20% | Top 5% | Control | 10% | 15% | 20% | Bottom 5% | ||
1 | Zea 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
2 | Zea 242 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
3 | Zea 323 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 13 |
4 | Zea 355 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
5 | Zea 382 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
6 | Zea 394 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
7 | Zea 487 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
8 | Zea 630 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
9 | Zea 633 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 24 |
10 | Zea 668 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
11 | Zea 677 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 17 |
12 | Zea 711 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
13 | Zea 1006 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | Zea 1015 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
15 | Zea 1019 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 8 |
16 | Zea 1062 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
17 | Zea 1102 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
18 | Zea 1114 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
19 | Zea 1121 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
20 | Zea 1224 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
21 | Zea 3002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
22 | Zea 3065 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
23 | Zea 3175 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
24 | Zea 3244 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 23 |
25 | Zea 3257 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
26 | Zea 3280 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
27 | Zea 3282 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
28 | Zea 3301 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
29 | Zea 3324 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
30 | Zea 3325 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
31 | Zea 3346 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
32 | Zea 3392 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
33 | Zea 3400 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
34 | Zea 3424 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
35 | Zea 3425 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
36 | Zea 3576 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
37 | Zea 3582 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
38 | Zea 3602 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
39 | Zea 3712 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
40 | Zea IW237 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Total | 64 | 67 | 33 | 7 | 171 | 65 | 65 | 32 | 7 | 173 |
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Badr, A.; El-Shazly, H.H.; Tarawneh, R.A.; Börner, A. Screening for Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm Using Germination and Seedling Traits under Simulated Drought Conditions. Plants 2020, 9, 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050565
Badr A, El-Shazly HH, Tarawneh RA, Börner A. Screening for Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm Using Germination and Seedling Traits under Simulated Drought Conditions. Plants. 2020; 9(5):565. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050565
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadr, Abdelfattah, Hanaa H. El-Shazly, Rasha A. Tarawneh, and Andreas Börner. 2020. "Screening for Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm Using Germination and Seedling Traits under Simulated Drought Conditions" Plants 9, no. 5: 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050565