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Volume 9
Issue 11
10.3390/plants9111487
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Article

Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) under Cadmium Toxicity

by
Pravej Alam
1,*,
Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
2,
Thamer Al Balawi
1,
Fahad H. Altalayan
1,
Prawez Alam
3,
Muhammad Ashraf
4,
Renu Bhardwaj
2 and
Parvaiz Ahmad
5,6,*
1
Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
2
Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 43005, India
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
5
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190001, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2020, 9(11), 1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111487
Received: 6 October 2020 / Revised: 26 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 / Published: 4 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metal Stress in Plants)
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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) metal toxicity is a crucial ecological matter that requires immediate efforts to mitigate it. Brassica juncea plants were exposed to Cd (0 and 200 µM as CdSO4) and foliar application of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) (0, 10−7 and 10−5 M). The toxic effect of Cd was evident in terms of declined growth and biomass yield, lowered levels of pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence, and reduction in gas exchange attributes. The levels of proline and glycinebetaine increased in response to Cd treatment. There was an imperative rise in the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde as well as electrolyte leakage in the Cd-stressed plants. With the application of EBR, there was a significant replenishment in growth attributes and photosynthetic efficacy. The contents of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and malondialdehyde as well as electrolyte leakage were reduced by the hormone supplementation. Enhancement in the contents of glutathione and ascorbic acid, and the activities of enzymes of the antioxidative defense system and glyoxalase system was recorded in response to Cd as well as hormone treatment. The in situ levels of Cd in roots and shoot were augmented in response to Cd treatment, but were found to be lowered by the EBR application. View Full-Text
Keywords: cadmium; 24-Epibrassinolide; antioxidant enzymes; osmoprotectants; malondialdehyde; transpiration rate cadmium; 24-Epibrassinolide; antioxidant enzymes; osmoprotectants; malondialdehyde; transpiration rate
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MDPI and ACS Style

Alam, P.; Kaur Kohli, S.; Al Balawi, T.; Altalayan, F.H.; Alam, P.; Ashraf, M.; Bhardwaj, R.; Ahmad, P. Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) under Cadmium Toxicity. Plants 2020, 9, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111487

AMA Style

Alam P, Kaur Kohli S, Al Balawi T, Altalayan FH, Alam P, Ashraf M, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) under Cadmium Toxicity. Plants. 2020; 9(11):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111487

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alam, Pravej, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Thamer Al Balawi, Fahad H. Altalayan, Prawez Alam, Muhammad Ashraf, Renu Bhardwaj, and Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) under Cadmium Toxicity" Plants 9, no. 11: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111487

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