Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes—Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications
1
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
2
ArcticMass, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
3
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2019, 8(11), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110524
Received: 20 September 2019 / Revised: 31 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 November 2019 / Published: 19 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2019 Feature Papers by Plants’ Editorial Board Members)
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) often produce high amounts of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (vl-PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 Δ5,8,11,14) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 Δ5,8,11,14,17). The presence of vl-PUFAs is common for marine organisms such as algae, but rarely found in higher plants. This could indicate that bryophytes did not lose their marine origin completely when they landed into the non-aqueous environment. Vl-PUFA, especially the omega-3 fatty acid EPA, is essential in human diet for its benefits on healthy brain development and inflammation modulation. Recent studies are committed to finding new sources of vl-PUFAs instead of fish and algae oil. In this review, we summarize the fatty acid compositions and contents in the previous studies, as well as the approaches for qualification and quantification. We also conclude different approaches to enhance AA and EPA productions including biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Keywords:
arachidonic acid; bryophytes; eicosapentaenoic acid; environmental stress; polyunsaturated fatty acid
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lu, Y.; Eiriksson, F.F.; Thorsteinsdóttir, M.; Simonsen, H.T. Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes—Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications. Plants 2019, 8, 524.
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