Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.2. Sampling of Plant–Galling Insect Interactions
4.3. Determination of Superhost Plants
4.4. Data Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Network Measure | Deviance Resid. | Df | Resid. Dev | F-Value | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linkage density of plant species | 8.2298 | 11 | 8.1250 | 3.714 | 0.045 |
Number of observed interactions | 351.56 | 13 | 626.04 | 7.300 | 0.018 |
Network size | 784.00 | 13 | 1584.9 | 6.430 | 0.025 |
Network connectance | 0.0050 | 13 | 0.0072 | 9.090 | 0.009 |
Area | Locality | Coordinates | Occurrence of Superhost Plants |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Lajeado, GO | 17°53′ S, 51°38′ W | Q. grandiflora and Q. multiflora |
2 | Banana Menina, GO | 16°59′ S, 49°14′ W | Q. grandiflora and Q. multiflora |
3 | Senador Canedo, GO | 16°43′ S, 49°06′ W | Q. grandiflora |
4 | Itanhangá, GO | 16°33′ S, 49°17′ W | Q. grandiflora and Q. parviflora |
5 | Bela Vista, GO | 15°57′ S, 48°56′ W | Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora |
6 | Bom Sucesso, GO | 16°42′ S, 49°02′ W | Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora |
7 | UEG, GO | 16°22′ S, 48°56′ W | Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora |
8 | Pedreira, GO | 15°50′ S, 48°55′ W | Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora |
9 | Fazenda Geraldo, GO | 16°40′ S, 48°18′ W | Q. grandiflora and Q. parviflora |
10 | Caldas Novas, GO | 17°42′ S, 48°38′ W | Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora |
11 | Caça e Pesca, MG | 19°00′ S, 48°18′ W | Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora |
12 | Floresta do Lobo, MG | 19°05′ S, 48°09′ W | Q. grandiflora and Q. multiflora |
13 | APA Cafuringa, DF | 15°31′ S, 47°57′ W | No Qualea |
14 | REBio Contagem, DF | 15°37′ S, 47°52′ W | No Qualea |
15 | Porto Real, TO | 11°00′ S, 47°13′ W | Q. parviflora |
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Araújo, W.S.d.; Moreira, L.T.; Falcão, L.A.D.; Borges, M.A.Z.; Fagundes, M.; Faria, M.L.d.; Guilherme, F.A.G. Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas. Plants 2019, 8, 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100369
Araújo WSd, Moreira LT, Falcão LAD, Borges MAZ, Fagundes M, Faria MLd, Guilherme FAG. Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas. Plants. 2019; 8(10):369. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100369
Chicago/Turabian StyleAraújo, Walter Santos de, Leuzeny Teixeira Moreira, Luiz Alberto Dolabela Falcão, Magno Augusto Zazá Borges, Marcílio Fagundes, Maurício Lopes de Faria, and Frederico Augusto Guimarães Guilherme. 2019. "Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas" Plants 8, no. 10: 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100369