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Volume 14
Issue 17
10.3390/plants14172660
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Genome-Wide Identification of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) and Expression Analysis Under Heavy Metal Stress in Sorghum bicolor L.

by
Xiaopan Hu
1,†,
Xiaoxue Li
1,†,
Bin Zhu
1,
Lei Gu
1,
Tuo Zeng
1,2,
Feng Yu
1,
Lang Liu
1,
Hongcheng Wang
1,* and
Xuye Du
1,*
1
School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
2
National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2025, 14(17), 2660; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172660
Submission received: 3 June 2025 / Revised: 19 August 2025 / Accepted: 20 August 2025 / Published: 26 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Plant Molecular Biology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The NRAMP (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein) family plays a pivotal role as membrane transporters in plants’ responses to heavy metal stress. This study identified 12 NRAMP genes in Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) and performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The SbNRAMP genes are distributed across seven sorghum chromosomes. In-depth analyses of gene structure, conserved motifs, collinearity, and phylogeny indicated that the SbNRAMP family is divided into three subfamilies, each exhibiting unique structural and motif characteristics. Collinearity analysis suggested that large-fragment duplications, rather than tandem duplications, were responsible for the expansion of the SbNRAMP family, resulting in a greater number of genes compared to Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. Transcriptome analysis of the aboveground and underground parts of sorghum seedlings under saline–alkali stress revealed that SbNRAMP5 is a key hub gene exhibiting tissue-specific expression. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis following exposure to Cd, Mn, or Zn treatments revealed differential expression among the SbNRAMP genes. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that all twelve NRAMPs are primarily located in the plasma membrane, with nine to twelve transmembrane domains, consistent with their function in metal ion transport. Experimental evidence confirmed that SbNRAMP6 is localized in the plasma membrane. These findings establish a foundation for a deeper understanding of the structure and function of the sorghum NRAMP gene family.
Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L.; NRAMP gene; expression analysis; heavy metals Sorghum bicolor L.; NRAMP gene; expression analysis; heavy metals

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, X.; Li, X.; Zhu, B.; Gu, L.; Zeng, T.; Yu, F.; Liu, L.; Wang, H.; Du, X. Genome-Wide Identification of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) and Expression Analysis Under Heavy Metal Stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Plants 2025, 14, 2660. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172660

AMA Style

Hu X, Li X, Zhu B, Gu L, Zeng T, Yu F, Liu L, Wang H, Du X. Genome-Wide Identification of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) and Expression Analysis Under Heavy Metal Stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Plants. 2025; 14(17):2660. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Xiaopan, Xiaoxue Li, Bin Zhu, Lei Gu, Tuo Zeng, Feng Yu, Lang Liu, Hongcheng Wang, and Xuye Du. 2025. "Genome-Wide Identification of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) and Expression Analysis Under Heavy Metal Stress in Sorghum bicolor L." Plants 14, no. 17: 2660. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172660

APA Style

Hu, X., Li, X., Zhu, B., Gu, L., Zeng, T., Yu, F., Liu, L., Wang, H., & Du, X. (2025). Genome-Wide Identification of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) and Expression Analysis Under Heavy Metal Stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Plants, 14(17), 2660. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172660

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