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Volume 14
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10.3390/plants14152395
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseus

by
Soniya Joshi
1,†,
Chen Huo
2,†,
Rabin Budhathoki
1,
Anita Gurung
1,
Salyan Bhattarai
3,
Khaga Raj Sharma
1,
Ki Hyun Kim
2,* and
Niranjan Parajuli
1,*,‡
1
Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
2
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
3
Paraza Pharma, Inc., 2525 Marie-Curie Avenue, Montreal, QC H4S 2E, Canada
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this study.
‡
Current address: Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2395; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152395 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 June 2025 / Revised: 29 July 2025 / Accepted: 30 July 2025 / Published: 2 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Plant Natural Products: Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

A comprehensive metabolic profiling of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don was performed using tandem mass spectrometry, along with an evaluation of the biological activities of its various solvent extracts. Among these, the methanolic leaf extract exhibited mild radical scavenging activity, low to moderate antimicrobial activity, and limited cytotoxicity in both the brine shrimp lethality assay and MTT assay against HeLa and A549 cell lines. High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS) analysis led to the annotation of 34 metabolites, primarily alkaloids. These included 23 indole alkaloids, two fatty acids, two pentacyclic triterpenoids, one amino acid, four porphyrin derivatives, one glyceride, and one chlorin derivative. Notably, two metabolites—2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate and (10S)-hydroxypheophorbide A—were identified for the first time in C. roseus. Furthermore, Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) analysis revealed 18 additional metabolites, including epoxypheophorbide A, 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone, and 20-isocatharanthine. These findings highlight the diverse secondary metabolite profile of C. roseus and support its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic development.
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus; radical scavenging activity; antimicrobial assay; GNPS; secondary metabolites Catharanthus roseus; radical scavenging activity; antimicrobial assay; GNPS; secondary metabolites

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MDPI and ACS Style

Joshi, S.; Huo, C.; Budhathoki, R.; Gurung, A.; Bhattarai, S.; Sharma, K.R.; Kim, K.H.; Parajuli, N. HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseus. Plants 2025, 14, 2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152395

AMA Style

Joshi S, Huo C, Budhathoki R, Gurung A, Bhattarai S, Sharma KR, Kim KH, Parajuli N. HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseus. Plants. 2025; 14(15):2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152395

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joshi, Soniya, Chen Huo, Rabin Budhathoki, Anita Gurung, Salyan Bhattarai, Khaga Raj Sharma, Ki Hyun Kim, and Niranjan Parajuli. 2025. "HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseus" Plants 14, no. 15: 2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152395

APA Style

Joshi, S., Huo, C., Budhathoki, R., Gurung, A., Bhattarai, S., Sharma, K. R., Kim, K. H., & Parajuli, N. (2025). HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseus. Plants, 14(15), 2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152395

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