Morphology-Based Evaluation of Pollen Fertility and Storage Characteristics in Male Actinidia arguta Germplasm
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedures
2.2.1. Flower Quantity Assessment and Collection
2.2.2. Anther Number and Pollen Quantity Measurement
2.2.3. Pollen Germination Rate Assay
2.2.4. Pollen Storage at Low and Ultra-Low Temperatures
2.2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.2.6. Pollen Morphological Abnormality Analysis
2.2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Floral Characteristics and Pollen Germination Capacity of Different Germplasms
3.2. Pollen Storage at Low and Ultra-Low Temperatures
3.3. Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Different Germplasms
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Germplasm ID | Visual Evaluation of Flower Abundance | Mean Anther Number | Pollen Grains per Anther | Pollen Germination Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
TT03021 | 2 | 40.2 hijk | 27,610 bcd | 4.33 k |
TT04043 | 1 | 42.4 fghij | 16,190 ijkl | 1.56 k |
TT05022 | 1 | 64.2 a | 16,625 ijkl | 17.62 j |
TT06051 | 1 | 43.6 efghi | 24,445 cdefg | 35.21 gh |
TT06023 | 3 | 44.6 defgh | 18,645 fghijkl | 26.44 i |
TT07031 | 2 | 39.0 ijk | 14,375 jkl | 3.18 k |
TT07033 | 1 | 36.0 k | 13,190 kl | 41.44 fg |
TT07063 | 1 | 37.4 jk | 20,875 defghij | 7.13 k |
TT08093 | 3 | 39.2 ijk | 42,250 a | 37.80 gh |
TL21013 | 3 | 44.6 defgh | 20,250 efghijk | 45.58 f |
TL20083 | 1 | 36.2 k | 28,065 bc | 95.85 a |
TL18072 | 3 | 44.6 defgh | 25,875 bcde | 32.85 hi |
TL17093 | 1 | 41.0 ghijk | 26,375 bcde | 18.04 j |
Lvwang | 3 | 47.4 bcdef | 16,750 ijkl | 96.57 a |
TL17061 | 3 | 42.2 ghij | 16,690 ijkl | 2.63 k |
TL15012 | 1 | 41.0 ghijk | 12,875 l | 19.25 j |
TL15022 | 3 | 40.0 hijk | 16,190 ijkl | 36.03 gh |
TL14101 | 3 | 45.4 cdefg | 16,815 hijkl | 54.99 e |
TL13091 | 3 | 47.6 bcde | 20,815 defghij | 63.90 e |
TL12043 | 3 | 48.4 bcde | 24,315 cdefg | 17.65 j |
TG02023 | 2 | 45.8 cdefg | 17,355 ghijkl | 65.98 d |
TG01081 | 3 | 45.4 cdefg | 26,645 bcde | 87.84 b |
TG04021 | 3 | 51.0 b | 22,500 cdefghi | 47.32 f |
TG06011 | 3 | 39.8 hijk | 23,930 cdefgh | 58.25 e |
TG06023 | 3 | 48.6 bcde | 20,750 defghij | 93.47 ab |
TG06063 | 3 | 49.4 c | 32,315 b | 73.05 cd |
TG06081 | 3 | 46.0 bcdefg | 14,750 jkl | 34.30 gh |
TG07053 | 3 | 50.0 bc | 18,565 fghijkl | 37.66 gh |
TG07031 | 3 | 44.0 efghi | 24,690 cdef | 40.56 fg |
TG09032 | 3 | 48.4 bcde | 18,375 fghijkl | 78.48 c |
Germplasm ID | Morphological Description | Pollen Size (Polar Axis × Equatorial Axis)/μm | P/E Ratio | Aperture Type | Aperture Length/μm | Aperture Width/μm | Abnormal Percentage/% | Slightly Abnormal Percentage/% | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT03021 | Prolate; very few normal; most grains shrunken/deformed with widened apertures and visible exudates | (25.46–30.67) × (13.48–16.21) | 1.85 | Tricolporoidate | 21.17–25.95 | 1.05–3.99 | 16.85 cdefg | 72.28 ab | Figure 5A1–A3 |
TT04043 | Hyperprolate; few shrunken grains; apertures with exudates | (25.51–30.59) × (11.98–15.96) | 2.06 | Tricolporoidate (with exudate) | 22.29–28.07 | 1.81–2.94 | 10.09 efghijk | 18.56 mno | Figure 5B1–B3 |
TT05022 | Prolate; few apertures fissured | (23.52–27.97) × (12.76–14.73) | 1.88 | Tricolporate | 19.22–26.06 | 1.19–3.48 | 15.7 cdefgh | 38.15 ghijk | |
TT06051 | Hyperprolate; few slightly deformed | (25.27–31.78) × (11.70–16.11) | 2.19 | Tricolporoidate | 23.94–29.51 | 0.90–2.28 | 7.61 hijkl | 45.43 efghi | |
TT06023 | Hyperprolate; few slightly deformed; few apertures fissured | (25.89–33.80) × (12.04–16.14) | 2.15 | Tricolporoidate | 22.65–30.10 | 1.73–3.04 | 8.11 ghijkl | 34.69 ghijk | |
TT07031 | Prolate; few apertures fissured; no exudates | (24.85–30.17) × (13.08–19.60) | 1.93 | Tricolporoidate | 21.32–26.87 | 1.86–4.35 | 8.39 fghijkl | 30.83 ijklm | Figure 5C1–C3 |
TT07033 | Hyperprolate; most apertures fissured; few deformed with exudates | (25.02–30.37) × (12.57–16.03) | 2.03 | Tricolporate | 21.00–27.09 | 2.39–4.25 | 17.74 cde | 35.24 ghijk | |
TT07063 | Hyperprolate; very few shrunken | (22.19–30.92) × (10.27–13.78) | 2.21 | Tricolporoidate | 18.54–27.40 | 1.18–2.27 | 15.48 cdefghi | 34.13 hijkl | Figure 5D1–D3 |
TT08093 | Prolate; most apertures fissured; few with exudates | (25.36–29.38) × (11.88–14.96) | 1.93 | Tricolporate (with exudate) | 20.62–24.59 | 1.66–4.89 | 17.25 cde | 75.92 a | |
TL21013 | Prolate; few shortened and slightly deformed | (25.50–29.31) × (12.63–17.16) | 1.90 | Tricolporoidate | 22.69–26.54 | 0.97–3.23 | 7.5 hijkl | 44.15 efghi | |
TL20083 | Prolate; relatively uniform; occasional deformations | (21.56–28.76) × (2.38–15.08) | 1.97 | Tricolporoidate | 18.47–25.76 | 1.14–3.79 | 0.71 l | 12.38 nop | Figure 5G1–G3 |
TL18072 | Prolate; few apertures fissured | (22.79–30.12) × (12.30–15.15) | 1.97 | Tricolporoidate | 21.08–28.24 | 1.61–5.10 | 20.81 bc | 42.53 fghij | |
TL17093 | Prolate; most deformed–shrunken/shortened; few apertures with exudates | (22.99–30.48) × (12.97–16.46) | 1.80 | Tricolporoidate (with exudate) | 17.04–26.08 | 1.51–4.10 | 17.89 cde | 54.31 cdef | Figure 5E1–E3 |
Lvwang | Prolate; uniform | (26.40–28.11) × (12.89–19.84) | 1.90 | Tricolporoidate | 22.09–25.36 | 1.76–3.51 | 3.06 jkl | 0.00 p | Figure 5H1–H3 |
TL17061 | Prolate; few deformed–shrunken/triangular-pyramidal | (23.72–27.53) × (11.57–16.34) | 1.87 | Tricolporoidate | 20.21–25.33 | 2.39–5.33 | 19.15 bcd | 40.12 fghijk | |
TL15012 | Prolate; most apertures fissured; irregular surface | (23.24–30.54) × (13.19–16.19) | 1.81 | Tricolporate, Tricolporoidate | 20.91–26.31 | 2.23–6.05 | 17.09 cdef | 61.83 abcd | |
TL15022 | Prolate; few apertures fissured | (25.23–29.75) × (12.57–15.42) | 1.99 | Tricolporoidate | 18.88–27.29 | 2.03–3.92 | 3.59 jkl | 58.52 bcde | |
TL14101 | Prolate; most apertures fissured and twisted | (23.92–29.88) × (13.25–17.47) | 1.82 | Tricolporate, Tricolporoidate | 18.70–26.35 | 2.07–8.14 | 27.02 b | 63.05 abc | |
TL13091 | Prolate; relatively uniform; occasional shrunken grains | (26.75–28.43) × (12.82–18.02) | 1.95 | Tricolporoidate | 22.91–27.70 | 2.06–5.26 | 20.21 bcd | 46.99 defgj | |
TL12043 | Prolate; multiple fissured apertures with exudates | (26.47–29.96) × (14.21–17.82) | 1.81 | Tricolporate (with exudate) | 20.27–27.71 | 3.53–6.19 | 40.55 a | 49.4 cdefg | Figure 5F1–F3 |
TG02023 | Hyperprolate; relatively uniform | (27.37–29.27) × (12.56–15.12) | 2.07 | Tricolporoidate | 21.61–25.91 | 1.40–2.65 | 0.63 l | 7.88 op | |
TG01081 | Hyperprolate; relatively uniform | (25.42–28.29) × (11.93–14.29) | 2.04 | Tricolporoidate | 22.62–26.40 | 1.24–2.72 | 0.88 l | 6.29 op | Figure 5I1–I3 |
TG04021 | Hyperprolate; very few normal; most grains shrunken/deformed with widened apertures and visible exudates | (24.00–29.17) × (10.75–14.54) | 2.16 | Tricolporoidate | 19.21–25.63 | 1.81–4.36 | 7.45 hijkl | 43.83 efghi | |
TG06011 | Prolate; Generally uniform; Occasional deformed grains | (26.08–28.73) × (12.14–16.50) | 1.90 | Tricolporoidate | 21.64–26.24 | 1.47–3.77 | 6.74 ijkl | 19.37 lmno | |
TG06023 | Hyperprolate; Minority slightly deformed | (25.05–29.03) × (12.08–14.30) | 2.01 | Tricolporoidate | 22.79–26.99 | 1.64–2.86 | 2.87 kl | 25.89 klmn | |
TG06063 | Prolate; Relatively uniform; Minority slightly deformed | (23.72–28.07) × (11.55–14.39) | 1.99 | Tricolporoidate | 21.54–26.15 | 1.08–1.93 | 0.93 l | 2.69 p | |
TG06081 | Prolate; Minority with fissured apertures; Pollen deformation present | (23.78–30.32) × (13.75–16.66) | 1.83 | Tricolporoidate | 21.48–27.64 | 2.36–5.25 | 11.62 defghijk | 31.28 ijklm | |
TG07053 | Hyperprolate; 50% deformed grains (partial shrinkage or triangular-pyramidal transformation) | (23.42–28.96) × (11.59–14.51) | 2.01 | Tricolporoidate | 19.65–27.28 | 1.62–3.36 | 11.65 cdefghi | 28.64 jklm | |
TG07030 | Hyperprolate; Isolated deformed grains | (26.27–30.92) × (11.95–14.81) | 2.12 | Tricolporoidate | 20.33–28.58 | 1.25–4.17 | 5.35 jkl | 40.73 fghijk | |
TG09032 | Hyperprolate; Exceptionally uniform | (27.47–30.32) × (13.03–15.12) | 2.03 | Tricolporoidate | 22.73–27.32 | 1.71–3.42 | 0 l | 9.04 op | Figure 5J1–J3 |
Visual Flower Abundance Rating | Mean Anther Number per Flower | Pollen Grains per Anther | Pollen Germination Rate | Normal Pollen Percentage | Abnormal Pollen Percentage | Slightly Abnormal Pollen Percentage | Polar Axis Length | Equatorial Axis Length | Aperture Length | Aperture Spacing | Polar/Equatorial Axis Ratio (P/E) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visual Flower Abundance Rating | 1 | |||||||||||
Mean Anther Number per Flower | 0.25 | 1 | ||||||||||
Pollen Grains per Anther | 0.17 | −0.12 | 1 | |||||||||
Pollen Germination Rate | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 1 | ||||||||
Normal Pollen Percentage | 0.06 | 0.14 | −0.12 | 0.62 ** | 1 | |||||||
Abnormal Pollen Percentage | −0.06 | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.55 ** | −0.82 ** | 1 | ||||||
Slightly Abnormal Pollen Percentage | −0.06 | −0.18 | 0.16 | −0.58 ** | −0.96 ** | 0.63 ** | 1 | |||||
Polar Axis Length | −0.03 | −0.23 | −0.24 | −0.14 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 1 | ||||
Equatorial Axis Length | 0.08 | −0.10 | −0.22 | −0.25 | −0.44 * | 0.49 ** | 0.37 * | 0.13 | 1 | |||
Aperture Length | 0.11 | 0.04 | −0.27 | 0.05 | 0.30 | −0.31 | −0.27 | 0.73 ** | 0.03 | 1 | ||
Aperture Spacing | 0.18 | −0.07 | −0.17 | −0.30 | −0.65 ** | 0.77 ** | 0.52 ** | −0.04 | 0.65 ** | −0.19 | 1 | |
Polar/Equatorial Axis Ratio (P/E) | −0.09 | −0.05 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.40 * | −0.48 ** | −0.31 | 0.47 ** | −0.81 ** | 0.40 * | −0.61 ** | 1 |
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Qin, H.; Fan, S.; Zhao, Y.; Xu, P.; Chen, X.; Li, J.; Yang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, C.; et al. Morphology-Based Evaluation of Pollen Fertility and Storage Characteristics in Male Actinidia arguta Germplasm. Plants 2025, 14, 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152366
Qin H, Fan S, Zhao Y, Xu P, Chen X, Li J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li C, et al. Morphology-Based Evaluation of Pollen Fertility and Storage Characteristics in Male Actinidia arguta Germplasm. Plants. 2025; 14(15):2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152366
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Hongyan, Shutian Fan, Ying Zhao, Peilei Xu, Xiuling Chen, Jiaqi Li, Yiming Yang, Yanli Wang, Yue Wang, Changyu Li, and et al. 2025. "Morphology-Based Evaluation of Pollen Fertility and Storage Characteristics in Male Actinidia arguta Germplasm" Plants 14, no. 15: 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152366
APA StyleQin, H., Fan, S., Zhao, Y., Xu, P., Chen, X., Li, J., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, B., & Lu, W. (2025). Morphology-Based Evaluation of Pollen Fertility and Storage Characteristics in Male Actinidia arguta Germplasm. Plants, 14(15), 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152366