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Volume 12
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Article

Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity

by
Qingshan Chang
1,†,
Lixia Zhang
2,*,†,
Shuangchen Chen
1,
Minggui Gong
3,
Longchang Liu
1,
Xiaogai Hou
2,*,
Yinfa Mi
1,
Xiaohui Wang
4,
Jianzhang Wang
5,
Yue Zhang
2 and
Yiming Sun
1
1
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
2
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
3
College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
4
Peony Research Institute, Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471023, China
5
Luoyang Greening Management Center, Luoyang 471023, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051129
Submission received: 21 January 2023 / Revised: 21 February 2023 / Accepted: 24 February 2023 / Published: 2 March 2023
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Abstract

Melatonin (MT) plays a number of key roles in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Prunella vulgaris is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant which is used for the treatment of lymph, goiter, and mastitis. However, the effect of MT on the yield and medicinal component content of P. vulgaris remains still unclear. In this research, we have examined the influence of different concentrations of MT (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM) on the physiological characteristics, secondary metabolite contents, and yield of P. vulgaris biomass. The results showed that 50–200 μM MT treatment had a positive effect on P. vulgaris. MT treatment at 100 μM greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, the contents of soluble sugar and proline, and obviously decreased the relative electrical conductivity, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide of leaves. Furthermore, it markedly promoted the growth and development of the root system, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, improved the performance of photosystems I and II and the coordination of both photosystems, and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of P. vulgaris. In addition, it significantly increased the dry mass of whole plant and spica and promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids, total phenolics, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside in the spica of P. vulgaris. These findings demonstrated that the application of MT could effectively activate the antioxidant defense system of P. vulgaris, protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photooxidation damage, and improve the photosynthetic capacity and the root absorption capacity, thereby promoting the yield and accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. vulgaris.
Keywords: antioxidants; melatonin; photosystem; Prunella vulgaris L.; secondary metabolites antioxidants; melatonin; photosystem; Prunella vulgaris L.; secondary metabolites

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chang, Q.; Zhang, L.; Chen, S.; Gong, M.; Liu, L.; Hou, X.; Mi, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity. Plants 2023, 12, 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051129

AMA Style

Chang Q, Zhang L, Chen S, Gong M, Liu L, Hou X, Mi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, et al. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity. Plants. 2023; 12(5):1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051129

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang, Qingshan, Lixia Zhang, Shuangchen Chen, Minggui Gong, Longchang Liu, Xiaogai Hou, Yinfa Mi, Xiaohui Wang, Jianzhang Wang, Yue Zhang, and et al. 2023. "Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity" Plants 12, no. 5: 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051129

APA Style

Chang, Q., Zhang, L., Chen, S., Gong, M., Liu, L., Hou, X., Mi, Y., Wang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Sun, Y. (2023). Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity. Plants, 12(5), 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051129

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