Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Negative Response Mechanism of Peanut Root Morphology and Nitrate Assimilation to Nitrogen Deficiency
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Nitrogen Deficiency Affected the Morphology of Peanut Roots
2.2. Nitrogen Deficiency Affected the Nitrogen Content of Peanut Leaves
2.3. Nitrogen Deficiency Affected the Activities of Nitrate Assimilation Enzymes in Peanut Roots
2.4. Nitrogen Deficiency Induced Aberrant Expression of Genes
2.5. GO and KEGG Annotation Analysis of DEGs
2.6. DEGs Participated in Nitrate Transportation and Assimilation
2.7. DEGs Related to Plant Hormone Signal Transduction
2.8. DEGs Involved in Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway
2.9. DEGs Encoded Transcription Factors (TFs)
2.10. Putative Interaction Networks of Identified DEGs
2.11. Verification of RNA-Seq by qRT-PCR
3. Discussion
3.1. Nitrate Acting as a Signal Regulating Root Morphology in Peanut Seedlings under Low-Nitrogen Condition
3.2. The Adaptive Mechanisms of Nitrate Transport and Assimilation under Low-Nitrate Condition
3.3. The Mechanism of Plant Hormones Regulating Root Growth under Low-Nitrate Condition
3.4. The Relationship between Lignin Synthesis and Root Growth under Low-Nitrate Condition
3.5. The Response of TFs under Low-Nitrate Condition and Their Relationship with Root Growth
3.6. The Adaptive Mechanisms of Carbon Metabolism under Low-Nitrate Condition
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
4.2. Determination of Root Morphology and Dry Weight
4.3. Determination of Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI)
4.4. Determination of Nitrate Assimilation Enzyme Activities
4.5. RNA Isolation and cDNA Library Construction
4.6. Genome Mapping and Differential Expression Analysis
4.7. Functional Annotation of DEGs
4.8. Reverse Transcription PCR and Quantitative Reverse-Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Processing Time (Day) | RDW (g/Plant) | TRL (cm/Plant) | TRSA (cm2/Plant) | TRV (cm3/Plant) | NLR (No./Plant) | LRD (cm/Plant) | PRL (cm/Plant) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HN | 5 | 0.12 ± 0.03 a | 478.32 ± 41.36 a | 99.47 ± 13.36 a | 1.65 ± 0.30 a | 86 ± 9 a | 13.2 ± 0.51 a | 17.8 ± 1.06 a |
LN | 0.11 ± 0.02 a | 456.44 ± 25.48 a | 92.88 ± 9.47 a | 1.51 ± 0.22 a | 83 ± 3 a | 13.0 ± 1.24 a | 16.6 ± 1.40 a | |
HN | 10 | 0.23 ± 0.02 a | 1315.93 ± 82.63 a | 236.63 ±12.08 a | 3.39 ± 0.15 a | 133 ± 9 a | 22.77 ± 0.38 a | 29.1 ± 2.57 a |
LN | 0.17 ± 0.03 b | 915.42 ± 47.37 b | 161.11 ± 12.29 b | 2.26 ± 0.24 b | 110 ± 9 b | 16.0 ± 0.81 b | 19.1 ± 0.55 b |
Comparisons | KEGG Pathway | KO ID | DEGs | Corrected p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
HNR05 vs. LNR05 | Starch and sucrose metabolism | ko00500 | 14 | 8.55 × 10−3 |
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions | ko00040 | 13 | 2.98 × 10−5 | |
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis | ko00940 | 11 | 4.67 × 10−3 | |
Glutathione metabolism | ko00480 | 9 | 1.65 × 10−3 | |
Nitrogen metabolism | ko00910 | 6 | 7.95 × 10−4 | |
HNR10 vs. LNR10 | Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis | ko00940 | 71 | 0 |
Starch and sucrose metabolism | ko00500 | 58 | 1.27 × 10−4 | |
Glutathione metabolism | ko00480 | 36 | 1.24 × 10−8 | |
Cysteine and methionine metabolism | ko00270 | 22 | 4.31 × 10−2 | |
Nitrogen metabolism | ko00910 | 20 | 2.18 × 10−8 | |
Cyanoamino acid metabolism | ko00460 | 19 | 1.41 × 10−2 | |
Tyrosine metabolism | ko00350 | 18 | 1.46 × 10−3 | |
Phenylalanine metabolism | ko00360 | 16 | 1.07 × 10−2 | |
Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis | ko00950 | 10 | 4.76 × 10−2 | |
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism | ko00430 | 8 | 4.54 × 10−2 |
Gene ID | Protein Identify | HNR05 vs. LNR05 | HNR10 vs. LNR10 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RNA-Seq | qRT-PCR | RNA-Seq | qRT-PCR | ||
A.P1SHIC | BTB/POZ and TAZ domain-containing protein | −5.41 | −1.73 | −7.26 | −3.49 |
A.X7K798 | ferredoxin--nitrite reductase | −2.35 | −8.29 | −7.27 | −8.46 |
A.VZZ6TG | high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.4 | −1.99 | −5.92 | −4.58 | −6.10 |
A.TY8HHB | protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 6.3 | −2.34 | −5.16 | −6.04 | −5.75 |
A.3895TY | LOB domain-containing protein 38 | −5.29 | −5.52 | −8.71 | −6.75 |
A.T73DV5 | cationic peroxidase 1-like | - | - | 2.35 | 0.63 |
A.5D9CQE | anthranilate N-methyltransferase | - | - | 2.18 | 1.26 |
A.6255L4 | cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8 | - | - | 2.02 | 1.83 |
A.R4CPVK | probable protein phosphatase 2C | - | - | 1.03 | 0.41 |
A.QB6IYK | cyclin-D3-1 | - | - | 1.15 | 1.17 |
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Li, L.; Cheng, X.; Kong, X.; Jia, P.; Wang, X.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, B. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Negative Response Mechanism of Peanut Root Morphology and Nitrate Assimilation to Nitrogen Deficiency. Plants 2023, 12, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040732
Li L, Cheng X, Kong X, Jia P, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Negative Response Mechanism of Peanut Root Morphology and Nitrate Assimilation to Nitrogen Deficiency. Plants. 2023; 12(4):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040732
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Lijie, Xiangguo Cheng, Xiangjun Kong, Peipei Jia, Xiaohui Wang, Lei Zhang, Xiaotian Zhang, Yi Zhang, Zhiyong Zhang, and Baohong Zhang. 2023. "Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Negative Response Mechanism of Peanut Root Morphology and Nitrate Assimilation to Nitrogen Deficiency" Plants 12, no. 4: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040732