Role of Non-Thermal Plasma in Fusarium Inactivation and Mycotoxin Decontamination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of NTP/Cold Plasma on Inactivation of Fusarium spp. (Group 1)
2.2. Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma/Cold Plasma on Degradation/Decontamination of DON Mycotoxin (Group 2)
3. Discussion
3.1. Effect of NTP/Cold Plasma on Inactivation of Fusarium spp. (Group 1)
3.2. Effect of NTP/Cold Plasma on Degradation/Decontamination of DON Mycotoxin (Group 2)
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fusarium spp. | Pathogen(s) Under Study | Test Crop/Plant/Tree/Subject | Plasma Treatment Type | Plasma Treatment Conditions | Salient Results | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fusarium oxysporum | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici | Sweet basil | Cold plasma | G: He V: 13 kV P: 15 W Fr: 28.8 kHz Time: 5, 10, or 15 min | Cold plasma jet showed no significant effect on mycelium. Direct cold plasma jet on seedlings and cold plasma dielectric barrier discharge on seeds exhibited varying efficacies. | [38] |
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici | Tomato | Non-thermal plasma treatment | G: air or argon V: 0.75 kV P: 7.5 W C: 80 mA | Fungal spore germination was reduced over time after exposure to plasma treatment for 10 min. Necrotic death was observed in the majority of treated spores. Increased transcription of pathogenesis-related genes. | [39] | |
Fusarium oxysporum | Paprika in spices | Non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) | G: air P: 1000 W Fr: 28 kHz Time: 0, 10, 30, 45, and 90 s | NTAP showed complete inhibition of F. oxysprum spores and mycelial growth. Loss of plasma membrane and up-regulation of membrane-related gene (SHO1). In vivo, 50% inhibition of fungal pathogens after 90 s treatment. | [40] | |
Fusarium oxysporum | Pine seeds | Non-thermal plasma | G: air V: 20 kV P: 400 W Fr: 14 kHz Time: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 s | 3 s of plasma treatment was optimal for inhibiting F. oxysporum growth. | [22] | |
Fusarium culmorum | Fusarium nivale, F. culmorum, Trichothecium roseum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus clavatus | Wheat | Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma | G: air V: 20 kV P: 400 W Fr: 14 kHz Time: 30–300 s | The efficiency of plasma treatment decreased in the following order: Fusarium nivale > F. culmorum > Trichothecium roseum > Aspergillus flavus > A. clavatus. | [41] |
Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium culmorum | Maize | Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma | G: air V: 20 kV P: 400 W Fr: 14 kHz Time: 30–300 s | F. culmorum was reduced by 3.79 log (CFU/g) after 60 s treatment, while the reduction in A. flavus and A. alternata was found by 4.21 log (CFU/g) and 3.22 log (CFU/g), respectively, after 300 s plasma treatment. | [42] | |
Fusarium culmorum | Wheat and Barley | Low-temperature plasma (LTP) | G: air V: 20 kV P: 400 W Fr: 14 kHz Time: 15, 30, and 60 s | Plasma treatment of 120–300 s significantly inhibited F. culmorum on the seed surface. A combination of plasma and chemical fungicide proved more effective. | [43] | |
Fusarium graminearum | Fusarium pseudograminaerum | Fungal polluted water | Plasma working gas mixtures | G: He, O2, N2O V: 14 kV Fr: 5 kHz Time: 5–25 min | He + N2O and He + Air treatment for 5 and 25 min, respectively, decontaminated the water; whereas He + O2 had the opposite effect and allowed fungal growth after treatment. | [44] |
F. graminearum HX01, F. graminearum LY26, F. pseudograminearum and F. moniliforme | Wheat | Cold atmospheric plasma | G: air V: 2 kV P: 5 ± 0.15 W Fr: 7 kHz Time: 0, 1, 2, and 3 min | In vitro, cold atmospheric plasma effectively inactivated all strains of the fungi. In vivo, cold atmospheric plasma inactivated fungal spores. | [45] | |
Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and Botrytis cinerea | Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and Botrytis cinerea | Onion | Corona Discharge Air Plasma (CDAP) | G: Ozone V: 20 kV Fr: 60 Hz Time: 6 h/day | A low concentration of O3 stimulated growth, and a high concentration inhibited growth in Alternaria spp. Botrytis cinerea showed time-dependent results: with lower time, growth was inhibited, and with higher time treatment, growth was promoted. | [46] |
Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium semitectum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium semitectum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Cavendish banana | Cold plasma | G: air V: 15 kV Time: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 min | The percentage disease index (PDI) in cold plasma was significantly lowered. | [47] |
Fusarium circinatum | Fusarium circinatum | Pine seeds | Non-thermal plasma treatment | G: air V: 10 kV P: 400 W Fr: 14 kHz Time: 30–300 s | Reduction of seed-borne pathogens by 14–100%. Inoculated seeds remained mold-free for 12 days post-plasma treatment of 60 s. | [23] |
Pathogen(s) | Mycotoxin(s) Studied | Plasma Treatment Type | Plasma Treatment Conditions | Salient Results | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fusarium, Aspergillus and Alternata species | AAL toxin, enniatin A, enniatin B, fumonisin B1, sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol, T2-toxin, and Zearalenone | Cold atmospheric pressure plasma | G: air V: 38 kV P: 4 W/cm2 Fr: 17 kHz Time: 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 s | All pure mycotoxins decayed after 60 s post-plasma treatment. Degradation rates varied due to mycotoxin structure and the matrix. | [48] |
Fusarium spp. | Deoxynivalenol | Plasma jet | G: Argon Fr: 25 kHz Time: 60 s | Argon plasma jet destroyed both mycotoxin and Fusarium spp., producing a mycotoxin. | [49] |
F. graminearum HX01, F. graminearum LY26, F. pseudograminearum and F. moniliforme | Deoxynivalenol | Cold atmospheric plasma | G: air V: 2 kV P: 5 ± 0.15 W Fr: 7 kHz Time: 0, 1, 2, and 3 min | Cold atmospheric plasma reduced DON production in wheat grains under in vivo conditions. | [45] |
Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium graminearum | Deoxynivalenol and Dochratoxin A | Cold plasma | G: air V: 25 kV Time: 2, 4, 6, and 8 min | Microbial activities were inhibited by cold plasma. DON and OTA mycotoxins were reduced by 61.25% and 55.64%, respectively. | [50] |
Fusarium graminearum | Deoxynivalenol | Plasma activated water (PAW) | G: H2O2 and O3 V: 20, 30, 40, and 50 kV Time: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min | DON mycotoxin reduced by 58.78% using PAW, and H2O2 and O3 were contributors to PAW. | [51] |
T-2 and HT-2 standard toxins | T-2 and HT-2 | Atmospheric cold plasma | G: air V: 0 to 34 kV P: 300 W Fr: 3500 Hz Time: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 min | Pure T-2 and HT-2 significantly reduced by 63.63% and 51.5%, respectively. After 10 min post-plasma treatment, mycotoxin spiked wheat grains reduced T-2 and HT-2 by 79.8% and 70.4%, respectively. | [52] |
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Doshi, P.; Šerá, B. Role of Non-Thermal Plasma in Fusarium Inactivation and Mycotoxin Decontamination. Plants 2023, 12, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030627
Doshi P, Šerá B. Role of Non-Thermal Plasma in Fusarium Inactivation and Mycotoxin Decontamination. Plants. 2023; 12(3):627. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030627
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoshi, Pratik, and Božena Šerá. 2023. "Role of Non-Thermal Plasma in Fusarium Inactivation and Mycotoxin Decontamination" Plants 12, no. 3: 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030627