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Article

Physiological Responses of Agave maximiliana to Inoculation with Autochthonous and Allochthonous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

by
Laura Verónica Hernández-Cuevas
1,
Luis Alberto Salinas-Escobar
2,
Miguel Ángel Segura-Castruita
1,
Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez
3,* and
Juan Florencio Gómez-Leyva
1,*
1
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Km 10 Carretera a San Miguel Cuyutlán, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga 45640, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km 10.5 Carr. Texmelucan-Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla de Mariano Matamoros 90122, Tlaxcala, Mexico
3
Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Jalisco, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2023, 12(3), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030535
Submission received: 30 October 2022 / Revised: 23 December 2022 / Accepted: 13 January 2023 / Published: 24 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beneficial Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture)
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Abstract

The benefits of mycorrhizal interactions are only known in 8 of 210 recognized Agave taxa. We evaluated the effects of autochthonous and allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and nutrient assimilation in Agave maximiliana. The autochthonous consortium (Cn) of eight species was propagated from the rhizospheric soil of A. maximiliana, while Claroideoglomus claroideum (Cc) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Ce) were employed as allochthonous AMF. Six treatments were included in the study: Cn, Ce, Cc, Ce + Cc, Tf (fertilized control), and Tn (non-fertilized control, not inoculated). Mycorrhizal colonization increased over time, and the colonization percentages produced by Cn and the allochthonous AMF, both alone and mixed together, were equal at 6, 12, and 18 months. Height increased steadily and was higher in AMF-treated plants from seven months onward. Growth indicators of AMF-treated and AMF-free plants were equal at 6 months, but the beneficial effects of allochthonous and autochthonous AMF were evident in all growth indicators at 18 months and in sugar and mineral (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) content. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved all growth parameters of A. maximiliana regardless of the origin of the inoculums. This is the first study to report the positive effects of AMF colonization in A. maximiliana.
Keywords: AMF native consortium; Claroideoglomus claroideum; Claroideoglomus etunicatum; biofertilizer; Agave maximiliana AMF native consortium; Claroideoglomus claroideum; Claroideoglomus etunicatum; biofertilizer; Agave maximiliana

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hernández-Cuevas, L.V.; Salinas-Escobar, L.A.; Segura-Castruita, M.Á.; Palmeros-Suárez, P.A.; Gómez-Leyva, J.F. Physiological Responses of Agave maximiliana to Inoculation with Autochthonous and Allochthonous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Plants 2023, 12, 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030535

AMA Style

Hernández-Cuevas LV, Salinas-Escobar LA, Segura-Castruita MÁ, Palmeros-Suárez PA, Gómez-Leyva JF. Physiological Responses of Agave maximiliana to Inoculation with Autochthonous and Allochthonous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Plants. 2023; 12(3):535. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030535

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hernández-Cuevas, Laura Verónica, Luis Alberto Salinas-Escobar, Miguel Ángel Segura-Castruita, Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez, and Juan Florencio Gómez-Leyva. 2023. "Physiological Responses of Agave maximiliana to Inoculation with Autochthonous and Allochthonous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi" Plants 12, no. 3: 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030535

APA Style

Hernández-Cuevas, L. V., Salinas-Escobar, L. A., Segura-Castruita, M. Á., Palmeros-Suárez, P. A., & Gómez-Leyva, J. F. (2023). Physiological Responses of Agave maximiliana to Inoculation with Autochthonous and Allochthonous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Plants, 12(3), 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030535

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