The Biological Properties of the Essential Oil from the Jordan Accession of Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. GC and GC-MS Analysis
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity of PSEO
2.3. Antibiofilm Activity of PSEO
2.4. Antioxidant Activity of PSEO
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material Collection
3.2. Isolation of Essential Oil
3.3. GC and GC-MS Analysis
3.4. Bacterial Strains
3.5. Antimicrobial Activity Assay
3.6. Determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
3.7. DAPI/PI Dual Staining and Fluorescence Microscopy Image Acquisition
3.8. Antibiofilm Activity Assay
3.9. Antioxidant Activity
3.9.1. ABTS Scavenging Capacity Assay
3.9.2. Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Assay
3.10. Eukaryotic Cell Culture and Antioxidant Test
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Compounds a | LRI b | LRI c | Area d (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | α-Pinene | 931 | 938 | 0.4 |
2 | β-Phellandrene | 971 | 978 | 0.6 |
3 | β-Pinene | 982 | 980 | 0.1 |
4 | α-Terpinene | 1018 | 1022 | 1.1 |
Monoterpene Hydrocarbons | 2.2 | |||
5 | Eucalyptol | 1034 | 1040 | 2.1 |
6 | Santolina alcohol | 1038 | 1047 | 21.4 |
7 | Artemisia ketone | 1061 | 1080 | 13.2 |
8 | Artemisia alcohol | 1092 | 1100 | 0.2 |
9 | α-Thujone | 1102 | 1125 | 8.8 |
10 | β-Thujone | 1127 | 1135 | 13.8 |
11 | Linalool | 1110 | 1176 | 1.0 |
12 | Terpinen-4-ol | 1180 | 1185 | 0.4 |
13 | α-Terpineol | 1199 | 1199 | 0.8 |
Oxygenated Monoterpenes | 61.7 | |||
14 | α-Copaene | 1372 | 1371 | 1.0 |
15 | trans-β-Farnesene | 1455 | 1458 | 0.6 |
16 | Germacrene D | 1480 | 1480 | 5.2 |
17 | Bicyclogermacrene | 1494 | 1490 | 4.7 |
18 | β-Sesquiphellandrene | 1523 | 1531 | 16.9 |
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons | 28.4 | |||
19 | Spathulenol | 1571 | 1571 | 2.1 |
20 | α-Cadinol | 1653 | 1652 | 1.9 |
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes | 4.0 | |||
21 | Hexanal | 802 | 808 | 0.3 |
22 | 2-Hexenal | 832 | 862 | 0.7 |
Other Compounds | 1.0 | |||
Total Composition (%) | 97.3 |
Strains | MIC [mg/mL] |
---|---|
S. aureus | 6 |
S. warneri | 10 |
S. pasteuri | 10 |
B. cereus | 10 |
E. coli | 3 |
P. aeruginosa | 4 |
M. smegmatis | >10 |
Sample | IC50 of ABTS (mg/mL) | Sample | IC50 of H2O2 (mg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
PSEO | 2 | PSEO | 0.025 |
Ascorbic acid | 0.00003 | Resveratrol | 0.00005 |
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Badalamenti, N.; Di Napoli, M.; Castagliuolo, G.; Varcamonti, M.; Bruno, M.; Zanfardino, A. The Biological Properties of the Essential Oil from the Jordan Accession of Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck. Plants 2023, 12, 4007. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234007
Badalamenti N, Di Napoli M, Castagliuolo G, Varcamonti M, Bruno M, Zanfardino A. The Biological Properties of the Essential Oil from the Jordan Accession of Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck. Plants. 2023; 12(23):4007. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234007
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadalamenti, Natale, Michela Di Napoli, Giusy Castagliuolo, Mario Varcamonti, Maurizio Bruno, and Anna Zanfardino. 2023. "The Biological Properties of the Essential Oil from the Jordan Accession of Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck." Plants 12, no. 23: 4007. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234007