From Petri Dish to Field: Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Oats for Improved Agricultural Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Plant Cell Culture
2. Oat Tissue Culture
- Genetic Transformation of Oats
3. Protoplast Technology
4. Double Haploid Technology
- Wide Hybridization
5. Genome Editing in Oats
- CRISPR
6. Potential Challenges
7. Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drink | Land Use (m²/L) | CO2-Emission (CO2-Eq/L) | Water Use (L/L) | Eutrophication (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dairy milk | 8.95 | 3.15 | 628.2 | 10.65 |
Soymilk | 0.66 | 0.98 | 27.8 | 1.06 |
Oat milk | 0.76 | 0.9 | 48.24 | 1.62 |
Almond milk | 0.5 | 0.7 | 371.46 | 1.5 |
Rice milk | 0.34 | 1.18 | 269.81 | 4.69 |
Scientific Name | Accessions | Explants | Callus | Regeneration | Literature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avena | not specified | Stem segments | No | No | [23] |
A. sativa | Sun II | Germinating whole seedlings | Only callus formation | No | [24] |
A. sativa | Victory | Root system | Only callus formation | No | [25] |
A. sativa | 7 Accessions (names not specified) | Seedling hypocotyl | Not specified | No | [26] |
A. sativa | 25 Accessions (Allen, Clintford, Clintland 64, Clinton, Dai, Diana, Dodge, Froker, Garland, Goodfield, Goodland, Hulless HA14, Illinois selection, 68–1644, Jaycee, Lodi, Minnesota selections, 73137, 74125, 75249, Otter, Portage, Portal, Putnam 61, Stout, Tippecanoe, and Vicland.) | Immature Embryo, Apical meristem | Not specified | Regeneration from callus | [27] |
A. sativa, A. sterilis, A. fatua | A. sativa Accessions: Lodi, Moore, Lyon, Benson, Marathon, Dal, Stout, Tippecanoe, Lang, Victorgrain, Garry, Hudson, Terra, OA338, Victory, Black Mesdag, Victoria, Selma AJ 109/5, NP3/4, Karin, Rallus, and Coolabah A. sterilis Accessions: PI 292549, PI 295909, PI 296274, PI 296276, PI 320846, CW346, PI 374975, Cl 8295, PI 309478, MBM, G 152, 548, TS 6893, PI 317746, PI 296255, and PI 287211 A. fatua Accessions: Minnesota collection 1, 11, 18, 28, 35, 80, 112, 175, 218, 313, 327, 381, 406, 415, 429, 435, 464, 471, 487, 492, 495, 498, 523, 533, 611, 662, 686, 861, 931, 1141, 1149, and 1223 | Immature embryos | Regenerable-type (compact, yellowish-white, highly lobed callus) | Regeneration from callus | [28] |
A. sativa | Park | Roots of germinating seedlings | Callus with green spots | Regeneration from callus | [29] |
A. sativa | Park | Seeds, mesocotyls, and immature embryos | Embryogenic callus (white and opaque) Non Embryogenic callus (rough and yellow) | Regeneration from both (embryogenic and non-embryogenic) callus | [30] |
A. sativa | Victory and Park | Axillary tiller buds | Embryogenic callus | Regeneration from callus | [31] |
A. sativa | Victorgrain, Victoria and hybrids from the cross GAF × Victoria | Immature embryos | Callus (not specified) | Regeneration from callus | [32] |
Avena spp. | GAF-18, GAF-30, Lodi, Park | Immature embryos, seedling mesocotyls | Embryogenic callus | Regeneration from callus | [33] |
A. sativa | Coolabah, Cooba, Blackbutt, Mortlock, Victorgrain and HVR | Immature embryos, Leaf base explants | Compact callus with somatic mebryogenic-like structutures | Regeneration from callus | [34] |
A. sativa | Sanna, Sang and Vital | Leaf tissues from seedlings | Somatic embryogenesis | Regeneration from callus | [35] |
A. sativa | Prairie, Porter, Ogle and Pacer | shoot apical meristem | No callus | Direct multiple shoot formation from shoot apical meristem | [36] |
A. sativa | Fuchs, Jumbo, Gramena, Bonus and Alfred | Leaf base | Embryogenic callus | Somatic embryo germination | [37] |
A. sativa | Ankara-76, Ankara-84, A-803, A-804, A-805, A-821, A-822, A-823, A-824 and A-825 | Mature embryo | Nodular and white to cream in color callus | Regeneration from callus | [38] |
Avena spp. | Gaf/Park, GP-1, Garland, Park, Corbit, F2 progenis of GP-1 × Corbit and F2 progenis of Corbit × GP-1 | Mature embryo | Callus with somatic embryos | Regeneration from callus | [39] |
Not mentioned | Malgwiri and Samhangwiri | Mature embryos and leaf base segments | Callus (not specified) | Regeneration from callus | [40] |
A. sativa | Meliane | Mature caryopses | Somatic embryogenesis | Somatic embryo germination | [41] |
A. sativa | JO-1 and OS-6 | Mature embryo | Callus (not specified) | Regeneration from callus | [42] |
A. sativa | Kent | Grains | Callus (not specified) | Regeneration from callus | [43] |
Scientific Name | Accessions | Explant Type | Callus | Regeneration Type | Genetic Transformation Method | Age of the Explants | Candidate Genes Used | Selection /Marker Gene | Transgenicity Confirmation | Transgene Inheritance | Agronamic Trait of the Gene | Literature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. sativa | Lines derived from GAF30/Park | Immature embryos | Friable embryogenic callus | Not specified | Bombardment | 2-week-old friable and embryogenic callus | GUS | PPT, GUS | Southern blot | yes | None | [44] |
A. sativa | Jumbo and Fuchs | Leaf base explants | Embryogenic callus | Somatic embryo germination | Bombardment | Leaf bases from young seedlings 1mm size | UIDA | PPT | Southern blot | Mendelian inheritance | None | [45] |
A. sativa | Garry | Shoot meristematic cultures | No | No | Bombardment | 6-month-old shoot meristematic cultures | UIDA | BAR | Southern blot | Mendelian and non-Mendelian segregation | None | [46] |
A. sativa | Prairie, Ogle and Pacer | Shoot apical meristem | No | Direct multiple shoot formation from shoot apical meristem | Bombardment | 1-month-old multiple shoot cultures | HVA1 | BAR, GUS | Southern blot | yes | osmotic stress | [49] |
A. sativa | Garry | Shoot meristematic cultures | No | Bombardment | 4-month-old shoot meristematic cultures | GFP | BAR, HPT and NPTII | Southern blot | yes | None | [50] | |
A. sativa | Bajka, Slawko, and Akt | Immature embryos and leaf base segments | Embryogenic callus | Via somatic embryogenesis | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (LBA4404 pTOK233), EHA101 (pGAH), AGL1 (pDM805) and AGL1 (pGreen) | KANAMYCIN, PPT | Southern blot | yes | None | [47] | ||
A. sativa | Jo-1 | Leaf base explants and mature embryos | Embryogenic callus | Not specified | A. tumefaciens (GV3101) | GUS | HPTII | PCR | Not detected | None | [48] |
Scientific Name | Accessions | Explants | Inductive Treatment | Callus | Regeneration | Albinos | Literature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avena | Ajax, Cartier, Clintland 64, Gemini, Hinoat, Hudson, OT-184, Pendek, Q.O.58.22 (Dorval Xyamaska), Q.O.64.31 (Harmon × Wb 16385), Roxton, Black Mesdag, Cayuse 0, Clintford, Lodi, In 73231, Stout, HED-147, O.A.338, O.A.424-1, Acton, Bento, Cabot, Clinton, Dorval, Harmon, Kelsey, Lasalle M.C, Mabel, Orbit, Stornont, Tarpa, Actor, Leanda Maldwyn, Manod, Marvellous, Milford, Nelson, Palu, Selma, Yielder, Amuri, Arlington, Ausable, Bell, Bingham, Borrus, Bravo, Bruce, Colfax, Cortez, Diana, Elan, Earl haig, Early Miller, Fayette, Florida 500, Forward, Fraser, Holden, James, Legacy, Maris Osprey, Neal, Noire Precoce de Noisy, Oneida, Clintland 64 × Ajax, Clintland 64 × Q.O.58.22, Clintland 64 × Q.O.64.31, Hinoat × Clint land 64,OT-184 × C. l. 3387, OT-184 × Q.O.58.22, OT-184 × Q.O.64.31, P.I.269182 × Q.O.64.31, Q.O.S8.22 × Hinoat, Q.O.64.31 × Q.O.58.22, and Q.O.64.31 × Ajax | Anthers Ovaries | 27 °C Dark 15% sucrose concentration warm 24–30 °C | yes | Regeneration from ovary culture | [73] | |
A. sativa, A. fatua, A. sterilis | Stout and Clintford | Anthers | not specified | yes | no | not specified | [74] |
A. sativa | Clintford Stout Benson Victorgrain Garland Moore Lyon Stout/Clintford F1 Clintford/Benson F1 Clintford/Victorgrain F1 Clintford/Garland F1 Clintford/Moore F1 and Clintford/Lyon F1 | Anthers | Cold pretreatment (4–8 °C) | yes | yes | not specified | [75] |
A. nuda | Naked oat | Anthers | yes | yes | not specified | [76] | |
A. sativa, A. nuda, A. byzantia, A. sterilis | Stout, Puhti, OT 194, Foothill, Pazano, Fulghum and CAV 2648 | Anthers | 4 °C | yes | yes | yes | [77] |
A. sativa | Stout (line WW 18019) and CAV 2648 | Anthers | 32 °C | yes | yes | yes | [78] |
A. sativa, A. sterilis | Stout, Puhti, Sisko, Virma, Ryhti, Nasta, Sv 86432, Kolhu, WW 18019, Cascade, Heikki, Hankkijan Vouti, Yty, Roope, Veli, Aarre, Freja, Pol, Park, Titus, Katri, ME 7539, Aio, Sisu, Pegaz, STH 180, Wiesel, Maldwyn, Myriane, Avesta, Ogle, Ceal, 0T257, Talgai, Semu 4.004,Fuchs, Hja 86008, Hja 85013, Mostyn, Salo, Amby, STH 7518, Ebene, Rollo, CAV 1126, 16, 3a, CW 537, Ciav 2321, 55, CW 533, CW 453, CAV 1095, CD 7983, CAV 1191, CAV 2941, CAV 3175, WAHL 6, CAV 2057, Lisbeth, Jo 1418, Jo 1419, Bor 1335, Bor 1267 Bor 1306, Fuchs × PC 62, 80r70623 × 80r70818, Hja 88612 × Bor 70584, NS 126-93 × 1186-4189, HjaB77l2 × APR 166, Puhti × CAV 2648, and KP 9304 × CAV2648 | Anthers | 4 °C | yes | yes | yes | [79] |
A. sativa, A. sterilis | WW 18019, Kolbu and CAV 2648 | Anthers | 32 °C | yes | yes | yes | [80] |
A. sativa | Lisbeth, Virma, Cascade, Kolbu, WW18019, OT 257, Stout, Sisu, Katri, Yty, and Sisko | Anthers | 32 °C | yes | yes | yes | [81] |
A. sativa | Lisbeth, Aslak | Anthers | 32 °C | yes | yes | yes | [82] |
A. sativa | CHD: 1705/05, 1717/05, 1725/05, 1780/05, 2038/05, 1889/05, 1893/05, 1903/05, 1944/05, 1954/05, 1956/05, 1967/05, 1985/05, 1989/05 and 1997/05 | Anthers | 4 °C | yes | yes | yes | [83] |
Not specified | Lisbeth × Bendicoot, Flämingsprofi × Rajtar, Scorpin × Deresz, Aragon × Deresz, Deresz × POB 7219/03, Bohun × Deresz, Krezus × Flamingsprofi, Krezus × POB 10440/01 and Cwal × Bohun | Anthers | 4 °C | yes | yes | yes | [84] |
A. sativa | 2000QiON43 (LA9326E86) | Microspores | 4 °C | yes | yes | yes | [85] |
A. sativa | Akt, Bingo, Bajka, and Chwat | Anthers | 4 °C (2 and 3 weeks) 32 °C 24 h | yes | yes | no | [86] |
A. sativa | Bingo and Chwat | Anthers | 4 °C (2 weeks) 32 °C 24 h | yes | yes | no | [87] |
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Pathi, K.M.; Sprink, T. From Petri Dish to Field: Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Oats for Improved Agricultural Outcomes. Plants 2023, 12, 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213782
Pathi KM, Sprink T. From Petri Dish to Field: Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Oats for Improved Agricultural Outcomes. Plants. 2023; 12(21):3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213782
Chicago/Turabian StylePathi, Krishna Mohan, and Thorben Sprink. 2023. "From Petri Dish to Field: Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Oats for Improved Agricultural Outcomes" Plants 12, no. 21: 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213782