Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Biochemical Stress Markers
2.2. Expression of Selected Genes under Water Deficit
2.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
3. Discussion
3.1. Stress-Response Metabolites
3.2. Selected Gene Expression: ABA Biosynthesis-Related Genes NCED1 and NCED2, and Aquaporin Genes TIP2;1 and PIP2;1
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Experimentation
4.2. Biochemical Analyses
4.2.1. Proline Determination
4.2.2. Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Measurement
4.2.3. Salicylic Acid (SA) and Abscisic Acid (ABA)
4.3. qPCR Analyses of Selected Genes
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Day Six | Day Nine | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolites | Genotype | Treatment | Genotype | Treatment | ||||||||||||||||
PMC | IM | GR | TR | SYL | WW | WD | G × T | PMC | IM | GR | TR | SYL | WW | WD | G × T | |||||
ABA | 0.42 a | 0.75 b | 0.46 a | 0.39 a | 0.41 a | *** | 0.25 | 0.73 | *** | ** | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.76 | ns | 0.27 | 1.05 | *** | ns |
SA | 18.06 a | 19.64 a | 43.96 b | 30.03 ab | 14.60 a | *** | 21.00 | 27.85 | * | ns | 16.04 a | 35.50 ab | 48.94 b | 23.42 ab | 16.10 a | ** | 19.92 | 34.69 | ** | ns |
Proline | 4.10 | 5.64 | 4.11 | 2.66 | 4.39 | ns | 3.03 | 5.43 | ** | * | 11.48 | 10.29 | 8.58 | 7.57 | 9.91 | ns | 3.25 | 16.36 | *** | ns |
MDA | 553.63 c | 355.14 a | 414.68 ab | 558.29 bc | 455.73 abc | *** | 457.40 | 468.66 | ns | ns | 499.67 b | 382.70 ab | 471.20 ab | 317.54 a | 279.54 a | * | 503.78 | 297.40 | *** | ns |
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Lukšić, K.; Mucalo, A.; Smolko, A.; Brkljačić, L.; Marinov, L.; Hančević, K.; Ozretić Zoković, M.; Bubola, M.; Maletić, E.; Karoglan Kontić, J.; et al. Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris. Plants 2023, 12, 3420. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193420
Lukšić K, Mucalo A, Smolko A, Brkljačić L, Marinov L, Hančević K, Ozretić Zoković M, Bubola M, Maletić E, Karoglan Kontić J, et al. Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris. Plants. 2023; 12(19):3420. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193420
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukšić, Katarina, Ana Mucalo, Ana Smolko, Lidija Brkljačić, Luka Marinov, Katarina Hančević, Maja Ozretić Zoković, Marijan Bubola, Edi Maletić, Jasminka Karoglan Kontić, and et al. 2023. "Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris" Plants 12, no. 19: 3420. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12193420