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Article

Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Insights into Resistance of Arabidopsis bam3 Mutant against the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum

by
Eleni Kalogeropoulou
1,*,
Konstantinos A. Aliferis
2,
Sotirios E. Tjamos
3,
Irene Vloutoglou
1 and
Epaminondas J. Paplomatas
3,*
1
Laboratory of Mycology, Scientific Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, 145 61 Athens, Greece
2
Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 118 55 Athens, Greece
3
Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 118 55 Athens, Greece
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2022, 11(24), 3457; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243457
Submission received: 27 October 2022 / Revised: 28 November 2022 / Accepted: 6 December 2022 / Published: 9 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Prospects for the Mediterranean and Subtropical Plant Pathology)
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Abstract

The wilt-inducing strains of Fusarium oxysporum are responsible for severe damage to many economically important plant species. The most cost-effective and environmentally safe method for the management of Fusarium wilt is the use of resistant cultivars when they are available. In the present study, the Arabidopsis genotype with disruptions in the β-amylase 3 (BAM3) gene, which encodes the major hydrolytic enzyme that degrades starch to maltose, had significantly lower susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (For) compared to wild-type (wt) plants. It showed the lowest disease severity and contained reduced quantities of fungal DNA in the plant vascular tissues when analyzed with real-time PCR. Through metabolomic analysis using gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) and gene-expression analysis by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we observed that defense responses of Arabidopsis bam3 mutants are associated with starch-degradation enzymes, the corresponding modification of the carbohydrate balance, and alterations in sugar (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and myo-inositol) and auxin metabolism.
Keywords: fusarium wilt; plant resistance; starch; maltose; β-amylases; trehalose; myo-inositol fusarium wilt; plant resistance; starch; maltose; β-amylases; trehalose; myo-inositol

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kalogeropoulou, E.; Aliferis, K.A.; Tjamos, S.E.; Vloutoglou, I.; Paplomatas, E.J. Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Insights into Resistance of Arabidopsis bam3 Mutant against the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Plants 2022, 11, 3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243457

AMA Style

Kalogeropoulou E, Aliferis KA, Tjamos SE, Vloutoglou I, Paplomatas EJ. Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Insights into Resistance of Arabidopsis bam3 Mutant against the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Plants. 2022; 11(24):3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243457

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kalogeropoulou, Eleni, Konstantinos A. Aliferis, Sotirios E. Tjamos, Irene Vloutoglou, and Epaminondas J. Paplomatas. 2022. "Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Insights into Resistance of Arabidopsis bam3 Mutant against the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum" Plants 11, no. 24: 3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243457

APA Style

Kalogeropoulou, E., Aliferis, K. A., Tjamos, S. E., Vloutoglou, I., & Paplomatas, E. J. (2022). Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Insights into Resistance of Arabidopsis bam3 Mutant against the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Plants, 11(24), 3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243457

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